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Brogans Bar: The Secret Passage to the Past

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Said to house both piles of Guinness, the Brogan’s Bar in Dublin is also said to house a few ghosts. Visitors and staff have long talked about the strange things that go down at the pub after the final call has been rung. 

On the busy stretch of Dame Street, tucked beside the historic Olympia Theatre, stands Brogans Bar, a place where Dublin’s laughter mingles with whispers from centuries past and a few ghosts lingering according to the tales. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Ireland

Long before it became known by its present name, it was called Leonards, and even then it held a reputation as one of the city’s oldest and most characterful taverns. It also served like The Viking Inn, one of the first gay bars in Dublin. 

The bar is said to have the largest collection of Guinness memorabilia outside of the brewery. Within its low ceilings and time-worn beams, stories of politics, rebellion, and revelry have soaked into the walls like spilled whiskey. Michael Collins himself is said to have been a regular, plotting the future of Ireland over a quiet pint. Yet not all of Brogans’ visitors have been so easily seen.

The Haunted Brogan’s Bar

Those who close up after the final rounds have long reported strange happenings in the shadows of the bar. Soft footsteps echo across the wooden floors when no one else is there. Being next door from the notoriously haunted Olympia Theatre has also fueled the rumours of this building  having ghost of their own. 

Read More: The Ghostly Tales of Dublin’s Olympia Theatre

Like with the theatre, the haunting in this bar is said to be a bit vague, although prominent. Glasses rattle as if disturbed by invisible hands. On one unsettling occasion, a door was smashed open with such force that staff believed an intruder had entered, only to find the pub empty and still. There are also reported about mysterious footsteps after closing time.

So what could be haunting the Brogan’s? Could it have something to do about the alleged secret tunnels underneath the building? The pub lies directly opposite the ancient entrance to Dublin Castle. Beneath Brogans, according to local legend, lies a secret passageway that once ran directly under Dame Street and into the heart of Dublin Castle. No one knows exactly when it was built, or for what purpose, but many believe it was used for discreet meetings, smuggling, or escape during troubled times. 

Today, the entrance is said to be sealed, though some claim to feel cold drafts rising from the cellar floor and hear faint voices murmuring below. Perhaps the passage is not as closed as it seems. When the lights dim and the street outside grows quiet, Brogans Bar stands as a reminder that Dublin’s history is never truly buried. 

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Top 11 Haunted Dublin Pubs Full Of Spirits! | Spooky Isles

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The Watchful Spirits of Bårdshaug Manor

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The old manor house at Bårdshaug in Norway is said to be haunted by some mysterious women that sometimes appear in the house, now operating as a hotel. Who are these female spirits lingering, and what do they want?

It is often said that every respectable manor and old house comes with a ghost of its own, 30 minutes from Trondheim city in Norway. At Bårdshaug Manor in Orkanger, that saying seems to hold true. The elegant estate, built in 1860, once served as the home of Christian Thams, a remarkable figure in Norwegian history known as an architect, minister, landowner, and consul. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Norway

Today the manor house from 1860 operates as a hotel, but many believe it has never truly been left unguarded.

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The History of the Manor House

Bårdshaug Gård was originally built in 1860, but it was only after Christian Thams took over the property in 1890 that the farm was transformed into a larger manor house. The architecture at Bårdshaug Herregård is characterized by an interesting interplay of different styles, from Norse to Louis-seize style. The interior design features elements from all over the world.

Christian Marius Thams (1867–1948) was a Norwegian architect and industrial entrepreneur . He was involved in a number of areas within industrial construction and trade, in Norway and abroad. In Africa he was involved in business operations within the harsh colonial government. Towards the workers in Norway he was conservative and patriarchal. Thams rejected all demands from the unions which he tried to break.

Christian Thams, who was an important industrialist and entrepreneur. Thams was not only known for his work with industrial development and export, but also for his connections with princes, royalty, and working people. 

He met his future wife, the Dutch-born Baroness Sarah Sybille Francoise Atoinette Elènore Baronesse de Spengler , while studying in Switzerland. They married in 1886 when he was 19 and she was 18. Baroness de Spengler was an artistic and modern woman with an interest in singing and theatre, and she played a central role in the many cultural events held at Bårdshaug Manor. She was known for her involvement in art and culture, and her presence was an important element in the social life of the estate.

Two Ladies Who Never Left

Strange things happen inside of this hotel. The staff talk about doors locking themselves and seeing the shape of people inside of the old rooms. 

Over the years, guests have shared quiet but persistent reports of two female figures appearing within the manor. Their identities remain unknown, yet they are spoken of with familiarity rather than fear. One of the most intriguing stories comes from children who have claimed to speak with a woman dressed in a red gown in the cellar. These encounters are described as calm and natural, as if the presence was entirely at ease with being seen.

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Haunted Hotels

Staff members at Bårdshaug Manor tend to agree that the spirits mean no harm. Instead, they believe the women are bound to the house out of loyalty and care, lingering to watch over the building and those who pass through it. Their appearances are not accompanied by threats or violence, only a sense of being quietly observed.

A Place Acknowledged by the Dead

The manor’s reputation has reached beyond local whispers and many paranormal researchers have tried to find the answers to the legends. The well known Norwegian television series Åndenes Makt (The Power of Spirits) has also paid a visit to Bårdshaug, drawn by the long standing tales of unexplained activity and lingering presences. While no definitive answers were given, the visit only strengthened the belief that something remains behind the walls of the old estate.

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Det uforklarlige

Spøkelser, gjenferd og spesielle energier: Dører som låser seg selv og konturer av folk i rommene – avisa-st.no

Bårdshaug Herregård

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The Beautiful Queen Lamia Who Became a Vampire Monster Ghost Stories

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The Lamia was a feared bloodsucking monster that worked as the boogeyman of ancient Greece. Many will say that her tale has helped shape the vampire legends in Europe, but before that, she was said to have been the beautiful Queen of Libya. 

Among the many monstrous figures that haunt ancient mythology, few have cast as long and disturbing a shadow as Lamia. Her story begins not with a demon but with a woman. In early Greek tradition Lamia was remembered as a beautiful queen of Libya, a mortal ruler whose fate became entangled with the gods. Over time her legend transformed from tragedy into horror. The grieving mother of myth became a night wandering predator associated with witches, vampires, and the devouring of children.

The evolution of Lamia’s legend is one of the clearest examples of how a mythological figure can slowly change across centuries, absorbing fears about motherhood, sexuality, death, and the supernatural.

Fragments of a floor mosaic from 1213 in “San Giovanni Evangelista (Ravenna), Italy.

The Queen of Libya Turned Monstrous

The earliest sources describe Lamia as the daughter of Belus, king of ancient Libya stretching across North Africa. Ancient writers often emphasized her beauty. That beauty drew the attention of Zeus, the king of the gods, who took Lamia as his lover. Their relationship produced children. The Greek lyric poet, Stesichorus also said that she was a daughter of Poseidon and mother of the sea monsters Scylla and Acheilus, the Shark. 

The tragedy that shaped Lamia’s transformation came from Hera, Zeus’s jealous wife. According to the most widely repeated version of the myth, Hera punished Lamia by destroying or stealing her children. Some accounts say Hera killed them outright. Others claim Lamia herself was driven mad and killed them under Hera’s influence. In every version the result is the same. Lamia lost her children and was left to suffer with the memory.

The Real Queen of Libya: Diodorus Siculus (fl. 1st century BC) gave a de-mythologized account of Lamia as a queen of Libya who ordered her soldiers to snatch children from their mothers and kill them, and whose beauty gave way to bestial appearance due to her savageness. The queen, as related by Diodorus, was born in a cave. // Image: “Lamia” from “The History of Four-footed Beasts” (1607).

Grief twisted into obsession and Lamia began stealing the children of other mothers. She crept into houses at night, snatching infants from their cradles and devouring them. The myth explains this as a cruel attempt to make other women experience the same loss she had suffered.

The transformation did not stop there. The once beautiful queen was said to have changed into something monstrous. Later descriptions gave her the body of a woman above the waist and a serpent below, or portrayed her with a grotesque face and terrible jaws suited for devouring children.

Hera prevented her from closing her eyes so she would never escape the vision of her lost children. Zeus eventually took pity on her suffering and granted her an unusual ability. Lamia could remove her eyes from their sockets and replace them later, allowing herself moments of rest from the constant grief.

This strange detail would later contribute to Lamia’s reputation as a creature of dark magic and prophecy. Some traditions even described her as possessing the “mark of a Sibyl”, a gift of supernatural sight.

From Monster to Night Demon Vampire

By the classical period the name Lamia had already begun to change meaning and became part of Hellenistic folklore. Greek writers started using the word not only for the individual queen but also for a whole class of creatures known as lamiai (λάμιαι). These beings were night demons who haunted lonely places, caves, and the edges of cities.

Parents frightened disobedient children with warnings that Lamia would come for them in the dark. Ancient authors such as Diodorus and Horace mention this practice, suggesting the creature had already become a kind of mythic bogey figure in the ancient world.

Descriptions of lamiai also grew increasingly vampiric. Later stories from the first century depict them as succubus phasmas or ghosts, seducing young men before draining their blood or devouring their flesh. Some sources portray them as shapeshifters who appeared as beautiful women before revealing monstrous forms.

This is also when she started appearing in classical literature and lore with the Empusa, demons working for Hecate. They were companions of the goddess Hekate which followed her to earth from the depths of the underworld.

As a monster the Lamia transformed into something ugly. Lamia had the tail of a serpent in place of legs. The ancient Greek historian Diodorus Siculus simply describes her as having a distorted or disfigured face. They were also associated with caves and damp places. In more modern Greek folktales, the Lamia is said to live in remote houses, also having magical powers like a witch.

Lamia and Lilith

Lamia’s story also developed striking parallels with the figure of Lilith from Jewish folklore. Both were portrayed as female night spirits associated with the death of infants and the seduction of men. Lamia may originate from the Mesopotamian demoness Lamashtu.

Lilith, by John Collier

In the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible, the name Lamia was even used to translate the Hebrew word Lilith in the Book of Isaiah. Lamia is used in early translations of the Bible for screech owls and sea monsters. This linguistic overlap reinforced the idea that the two figures represented similar demonic beings.

Later occult traditions strengthened the connection further. Both Lamia and Lilith became associated with female demons who preyed on children, drained blood, and moved through the night as embodiments of uncontrolled desire and vengeance.

The Birth of the Vampire Witch

During late antiquity and the early Middle Ages the word lamia expanded even further in meaning. Christian writers and scholars began using it as a general term for witches or female demons who preyed on humans. By the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the term could refer directly to witches believed to harm children or drink blood.

Lamia (second version, 1909) by John William Waterhouse

The shift shows how Lamia’s myth merged with broader fears about witchcraft and nocturnal spirits. Occult writers and demonologists sometimes used the term lamia for women who had entered pacts with demonic forces. In this way Lamia became linked not only with monsters but with the image of the blood drinking witch, a concept that would echo through later vampire legends.

The creature that once belonged to Greek myth became part of the developing European folklore of the night. Many of the vampiric, witch and demonic legends found around the continent can be traced back to her. 

Even today the core elements of the legend remain intact. Lamia is still remembered as a creature of the night. She is a devourer of children, a seductress of men, and a figure whose tragedy transformed her into something monstrous.

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References:

Lamia – Wikipedia

Lamia – Etymology, Origin & Meaning

Lamia – World History Encyclopedia

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Sennentuntschi: The Terrifying Swiss Legend of the Shepherd’s Doll Come to Life

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One of the horrid creatures from the alps is the seemingly innocent Sennentuntschi doll. Being made by male herders alone in the mountains, she has to endure their abuse and use until she comes to life and comes for revenge. 

Deep in the Alpine regions of Switzerland, where snow blankets peaks and silence hangs heavy over remote pastures, an eerie legend has haunted shepherds for centuries. It is the tale of the Sennentuntschi — a grotesque doll made in loneliness, animated by desire, and punished by horror. 

Read more: Check out all ghost stories from Switzerland

It sometimes goes by Hausäli or Sennpoppa. In Lichtenstein it is called “The Guschg Herdsmen’s Doll”.  As one of the alps most chilling pieces of folklore, the Sennentuntschi tale is a potent blend of rural isolation, taboo, and supernatural revenge.

Horror in the Alps: In the seemingly serene alp huts around in the alpine region, it is said that a horrible monster can be created by the lonely herders.

Origins of the Legend of the Sennentuntschi

The Sennentuntschi legend seems to have originated in the Swiss Alps, particularly among the German-speaking regions such as Graubünden, Valais, and the Appenzell. Weissenboden, below the Kinzig Pass in the Schächen Valley, is one of the Alpine regions where the “Sennentuntschi” is said to have started.

It does however exist as far as the Bernese Alps to Carinthia, from Liechtenstein to Upper Bavaria and in Styria. 

Sennentuntschi Doll: An authentic Sennentuntschi doll exists and is preserved in the Rhätisches Museum in Chur, Switzerland. This 40 cm tall figure, made of wood, cloth, and hair, was acquired from the hamlet of Masciadon in the Calanca Valley in 1986.

The oldest known written version is the 1839 Romantic poem “Die Drei Melker” but it is mostly a tale passed down through oral tradition, believed to date back to at least the 18th century. Some claim that it could be even older, possibly even rooted in even older pagan superstitions about nature spirits and demonic visitations.

The story was most commonly told among Sennen that are Alpine herdsmen or shepherds who spent long, lonely months in mountain huts (called Alphütten) during the summer months, herding cattle in high pastures. Their isolation and hardship birthed the legend as a kind of moral tale, but with distinctly horrific undertones.

The Core of the Myth: Loneliness, Creation, and Retribution

In its most common form, the tale begins with three lonely herdsmen in the alps, tending their cattle in the day and their nights in their huts, often drunk or despairing from months of solitude and sexual deprivation. In their madness or mischief, they decide to create a woman out of household objects and animal remains like typically straw, rags, wood, and bones. They dress the figure in traditional clothing, give her a grotesque face made of stitched leather or carved wood, and mockingly name her Sennentuntschi.

But what begins as a joke turns dark. According to legend, after one of the men performs a mock ritual, sometimes the act of naming her, sometimes invoking the Devil himself and the doll comes to life as they talk to her, feed her and take her to bed.

She appears human, even beautiful, but does not speak. At first, the men are overjoyed, treating her as a companion and servant. But quickly, the relationship becomes exploitative. They abuse her, physically and sexually, until their fantasy turns into a waking nightmare. 

She suddenly starts to speak, talking about all the evil things they have done to her. One by one, the men begin to die by freak accidents, illness, or suicide. Eventually, the last man is found raving mad, or dead, and the hut abandoned. 

In some versions she stays with them all summer, enduring their abuse and helping them tending to the cattle. When they are to descend from the mountain, she asks one of them to stay with her, often the one who abused her the most. When the two herdsmen turn to the hut, they see her spread the peeled skin from their friend on the roof as she laughs. 

The woman is never found, but the villagers whisper that Sennentuntschi returned to the mountains, leaving destruction in her wake or that she was never human at all, but a demon or forest spirit exacting revenge for the men’s depravity.

The Modern Revival: Sennentuntschi (2010) Film

The legend was revived and reinterpreted for modern audiences in the 2010 Swiss horror film Sennentuntschi, directed by Michael Steiner. The film blends folklore with psychological horror and crime thriller elements, set in the 1970s in a remote village in the Alps.

In this version, a mysterious, mute woman appears in a conservative mountain community shortly after the local priest is found dead. As suspicion and hysteria rise, the villagers accuse the woman of being a demon or witch. The film weaves in the traditional legend of the shepherds and the doll, blurring the line between folklore and reality.

The Lingering Legacy

To this day, Sennentuntschi remains a deeply unsettling piece of Swiss cultural heritage. While not as well-known internationally as Krampus or other Alpine folk monsters, she is perhaps more horrifying precisely because of her human origins. She is not a beast or goblin, but a creation of human loneliness, cruelty, and guilt — a specter born not from hell, but from the minds of men lost to the mountains.

Read More: The Dark Side of Christmas: The Haunting Legend of Krampus and Krampusnacht

In Swiss mountain regions, hikers still hear the tale from grandparents and village storytellers. Some claim the abandoned huts in the Alps are haunted. Others say that if you mistreat the land or its spirits, Sennentuntschi will return, silent and vengeful, to collect what’s owed.

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References:

Sagen und Legenden der Schweiz (Legends and Folktales of Switzerland), collected by Otto Sutermeister

Sennentuntschi (2010), Michael Steiner, Film

Sennentuntschi: A dark legend from the Alps

Sennentuntschi – Wikipedia

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Bull and Castle Pub: The Melancholy Ghost of James Clarence Mangan

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Said to haunt his former childhood home that is now the Bull and Castle Pub in Dublin, the ghost of the melancholic writer James Clarence Mangan is said to linger. 

At the corner of Lord Edward Street, across from Christ Church Cathedral, stands the Bull and Castle Pub that used to be known as The Castle Inn. The building hums with laughter and the clink of glasses, but every so often, when the music dips and the air grows strangely still, a cold presence sweeps through the room. The warmth vanishes, the lights dim ever so slightly, and those who know the story say the poet has returned. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Ireland

James Clarence Mangan, Ireland’s most tormented wordsmith, was born on this very ground in 1803, and some believe his spirit still lingers where his troubled life began.

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The Ghost of James Clarence Mangan

Before it was a pub, it was the birthplace of James Clarence Mangan (1803-1849), or Séamus Ó Mangáin as it was in Irish. He was born at number 3 Fishamble Street, the ancient Virus Piscariorum of Dublin, on the first day of May, 1803. It was a pub back then also, but the original building has been torn down and rebuilt. 

He was the son of James Mangan, a former hedge school teacher and native of Shanagolden, County Limerick, and Catherine Smith from Kiltale, County Meath. After marrying Smith, James Mangan took over a grocery business in Dublin owned by the Smith family, eventually becoming bankrupt as a result.

After the famine in 1840, he started to write patriotic poetry and was seen as one of Ireland’s first national poets. The poet was best known for his work Róisín Dubh.

Mangan was both celebrated and cursed. Renowned by literary giants like Yeats and Joyce, he lived as if haunted long before death. A frail and eccentric figure, he was known for his peculiar costume: a long, tattered cloak, tinted green spectacles, and a blond wig that barely masked his gaunt features as well as his witch’s hat and umbrella. 

Beneath that eccentricity hid a soul consumed by melancholy, opium, and drink. His poetry spoke of exile, despair, and doomed longing, and it is said those same feelings have soaked into the very foundations of the Bull and Castle.

After years of despair, he sadly died of cholera in 1849 when he was only 46 and buried in Glasnevin Cemetery. But is he truly gone, or is he still haunting his childhood home?

The Haunted Bull and Castle Pub

Locals whisper that the pub’s strange chills and sudden silences are not tricks of the air but signs of Mangan’s ghost revisiting his birthplace. Some have heard soft mutterings near the back of the bar, as if someone were reciting verse in a voice that carries both sorrow and beauty.

Patrons who stay late often describe a creeping heaviness that settles without warning, a melancholy that drains conversation and leaves only the distant sound of a sigh and the pints empty.

Perhaps the poet is drawn back to where his story began, still searching for peace he never found in life. Or perhaps his verses, so steeped in loss, have tethered him to this world. Either way, the Bull and Castle holds more than good ale and hearty company. Beneath its laughter, the ghost of James Clarence Mangan waits, cloaked in sorrow and memory, drifting once more through the city that both inspired and destroyed him.

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References:

The 10 most haunted pubs in Dublin | The Irish Post

James Clarence Mangan – Wikipedia

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The Haunted Legends of Stenberg Gård, Hoff Church and Toten Legends

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Deep in the farmland of Norway, Toten has a lot of ghost stories lingering on the old farms and buildings. Who were the priests said to haunt the Hoff Church and rectory, and who are the ghosts said to linger at the old Stenberg Manor?

The district of Toten is rich in farmland landlocked east in Norway with old churches, and quiet waterways, and a few ghost stories lurking beneath its peaceful surface that have unsettled locals for generations. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Norway

Among these tales are three locations bound together by whispers of the supernatural: Stenberg gård, the brook at Bøverbru, and Hoff Church. Each is said to be touched by a presence that refuses to fade.

Haunted Toten: Toten was part of a small kingdom in the early Viking Age and Halvdan Kvitbein was the most famous king who ruled there. The origin of the name is linked to the Old Norse Þótn , which supposedly means “something one likes”.Toten has traditionally been one of Norway’s largest agricultural areas, and the industrial park at Raufoss is one of the largest industrial centers in the inland.

The Ghost of Stenberg Gård

Stenberg (or Steinberg) is a large open-air museum that shows the cultural landscape, building practices and social conditions in Toten in the 19th century. The museum is built around the county manor Stenberg.

County magistrate Lauritz Weidemann (1775-1856) developed Steinberg into a county magistrate’s residence. He took over the farm in 1802 and laid out today’s yard and an almost 30-acre park in the English landscape style. Weidemann was also known as one of the men at Eidsvoll when Norway received its constitution in 1814.

Stenberg Manor, or Gård (farm) is widely believed to be home to Toten’s most famous ghost. The historic farm, known for its cultural significance and well preserved buildings, has long been surrounded by rumors of unexplained activity. people claim to this day that they have experienced a number of unpleasant incidents on the farm. It has been said that the Weidemann family is going again.

Visitors and staff alike have reported strange sounds after dark, shifting shadows in empty rooms, and the unsettling feeling of being observed. Though the identity of the spirit is never clearly agreed upon, local lore insists that something still walks the halls of the old estate, guarding its past or reliving a tragedy long forgotten.

Blind Ola of Bøverbru

Near the brook at Bøverbru, another chilling legend is often told. According to reports shared in Oppland Arbeiderblad, a blind man known as Blind Ola is said to have drowned in the water long ago. 

Since then, swimmers and passersby have described eerie experiences near the stream. Some claim to feel unseen hands pulling at them beneath the surface, while others speak of sudden cold currents and strange sounds rising from the water. The story has made the area a place of caution, especially after dusk.

Whispers Around Hoff Church

Hoff Church in Lena, east Toten is also the subject of debate among those who believe the past never truly rests. Parishioners and visitors have spoken of unexplained noises, shadowy figures, and an uneasy atmosphere within the church grounds. For believers, these phenomena are signs that the dead still linger close to the sacred site, bound by unfinished business or ancient traditions.

In 2009, the legends stirred when the church bells started ringing and the police were called. The priest stopped the bells, but they found no sign that anyone had been there. The bells are controlled by a remote, and when they checked it out, there was no sign of technical faults, although they could never completely rule out that someone had put on an elaborate prank. 

Haunted Church: Hoff church at Østre Toten by Lena, Oppland, Norway. Hoff kirke ved Lena på Østre Toten. //Source: Øyvind Holmstad

But who is haunting the church? Could it have something to do with the old ghost story? At a Christmas party at the widow Bolette Cathrine in Kristiania (Oslo) in the late 1870s in the presence of several witnesses. 

The event is said to have taken place at Hoff rectory “some time ago”. Author and the storyteller, Marie Wexel came to Hoff rectory one Christmas Eve with a lady from Kristiania. At the dinner table, the priest said a few words about a haunted room on the second floor, but the priest reproached her for mentioning it; it could only frighten the guests unnecessarily. The two ladies got up early to go to bed. 

Marie sat down in the armchair instead to read before going to bed as her companion had done. When she had finished, she put the book in her lap to think about what she had read. “As she looked up, she caught sight of a priest in old-fashioned vestments standing just in front of her with a pleading look and pointing in the direction of the cake oven. Then the vision immediately disappeared. She wiped her eyes and thought it was a figment of her imagination, perhaps brought on by what the priest had said. She went to bed, however; but as she extinguished the last candle she saw the same figure standing before the table and bending over it towards her, as he now pointed with the same pleading look towards the cake oven”.

The Haunted Hoff Rectory on a sunny summers day

The next morning she took a lighted candle with her to get a better look at the attic and the stairs. But as she was about to go out the door, it went out. To get it burning again she took a match from a container on the wall and struck it against the firewall. At the same moment as the light was lit, the priest stood before her for the third time, but this time next to the tiled stove and pointing towards the firewall. Terrified, she rushed downstairs and told her host what she had seen. He told her to keep quiet about it. 

Marie Wexelsen: (born 20 September 1832 at Sukkestad in Østre Toten, was a hymn writer and author. Her full name was Inger Marie Lycke Wexelsen. She is best known for the Christmas hymn Jeg er så glad hver julekveld.

But after the service, he and Miss Wexelsen stayed back in the church, where there were painted portraits of a number of Toten priests. He told her to look at them carefully and point out the one who resembled the ghost. After looking at all the pictures carefully, she went back to one of them and said: “If I haven’t seen a fantasy fetus, then he’s there.”

This was the portrait of a priest (“the name should not be mentioned”) who, according to legend, was supposed to have killed a small child he had with his maid; the child’s body was never found. “Late in the Christmas period, the parish priest quietly made an agreement with a bricklayer and another person – probably the churchwarden – to punch a hole in the firewall in the room upstairs in the rectory. And here they found a child’s skeleton, which was buried in complete silence by the priest. And later there was never a “ghost” at the East Toten rectory. Source

The Ghost of The Yellow Hall

One of the rooms in Hoff vicarage was called “The Yellow Hall” and also have a story of the ghost of a former priest lingering. There is a legend connected to this room, which can be read about both in Totenmål and Anna Mål 12 and in The Great Book of Ghosts (Espeland). 

The legend goes that there was a priest who was once a resident of the manor. One evening, as the parish priest was busy with his Sunday sermon, he was said to have seen a figure in a bluish tinge, and he got the feeling that this was someone in deep spiritual distress. The figure led the priest to the yellow hall, where the ghost knelt by a fireplace and appeared to be praying. After the service the next day, the priest recognized the figure in one of the priest pictures in the church. He had the fireplace examined, and there they found the skeleton of a woman. After the skeleton was buried in consecrated ground, the ghost is said to have been seen no more.

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References:

https://www.filmweb.no/filmnytt/de-mest-hjemskte-stedene-i-norge

Stenberg

Stenberg, Stenberg gård | Reporterne flyttet inn på spøkelsesgården

Leter etter spøkelser på Toten

Mystisk klokkeklang – NRK Innlandet – Lokale nyheter, TV og radio

Hoff prestegard (Østre Toten gnr. 94/1) – lokalhistoriewiki.no

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Estries: Vampiric Spirits the Ashkenazi Jewish Folklore

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Although few written sources, the fear of the Estries Vampires from the Jewish community in Europe in the middle ages still lingers. 

Across old European folk traditions there are many stories of night spirits that feed on life rather than blood, of creatures that stalk the living when the stars have risen and the world lies silent. Among these legends is that of the European Jewish Estries folklore from the medieval period.

The Estries vampire is a rather obscure legend for many, even the Jewish community it comes from because of its old and limited text sources discussing it. Unlike the archetypal corpse-vampire that rises from its burial place, the Estries is typically described as a being that moves freely among the living by night and hides by day while drawing life from others.

Origins in Language and Belief

The folk lore and imagery sur­round­ing them has some over­lap with that of Lilith as many succubus and life draining female demons often do. However, there are not many written down sources specifically mentioning the Estries by name. Most of the lore is traced to Sefer Hasidim, a medieval text chron­i­cling Jew­ish life and prac­tices in twelfth and thir­teenth cen­tu­ry Germany.

The Rhineland Jews and their Fears: The Estries legend emerged within the context of the Ashkenazi Hasidic movement in 12th- and 13th-century Germany, a period marked by intense external pressures from the Crusades and the onset of blood libel accusations against Jewish communities. The Hasidei Ashkenaz, or “Pious of Ashkenaz,” arose in the Rhineland following the devastating massacres of 1096 during the First Crusade, which claimed thousands of Jewish lives and instilled widespread trauma and calls for spiritual renewal. // Image: Friedrich Hottenroth – Jewish pogroms in Germany during the First Crusade led by Emich of Leiningen, 1096

The book is attributed to Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg, a descendant from a long line of Northern Italian Kabbalists and mostly writing about members of the Hasidim Ashkenazi, who were descended predominantly from two main families from Northern Italian and France.

The word Estries is derived from the French word for night owl, strix, which is in keeping with the connection between the Hasidim Ashkenazi and the French. In pagan European lore, the owl was seen as mystical, and a lot of old vampiric and magical stories center around the owl. 

Also in ancient times, the Greeks wrote about the striges and strix, a bloodthirsty screech owl. In both traditions the Estries occupies a place between human and demon. It was not simply an animal or a ghost. It was something that walked at night with intent.

Night Visitors

Key passages in Sefer Hasidim detail Estries’ behaviors and vulnerabilities. In Siman 1465, Estries are described as women “created at twilight” who can transform into animals like cats or birds, fly by loosening their hair, and sustain themselves by drinking human blood, particularly from newborns or the ill.

The Law of Parua: The Hasidim Ashkenazi lived a life of rigid self-discipline and self-deprivation. They abided by the law of parua, which requires the marital binding of hair. If a woman appeared with her hair unbound, this was grounds for divorce. The concept of a woman flying with loose hair was therefore a scandalous and horrifying thought for the Jews at this time.

They are said to feed only on the blood of Jewish men and children and can fly when they let their hair down, although her way of feeding and the practicalities about flying with her hair down is a rather vague description. 

Because the Estries was believed to have a daytime life indistinguishable from other villagers, suspicion and fear often spread through communities. People whispered that a neighbor who seemed healthy by day could still be an Estries at night. Her true nature was revealed only in the wearied bodies of others who slept nearby.

Read More: Check also out Alukah: The Vampire of Ancient Text and Folklore 

In Jewish mystical interpretations and cross-cultural retellings, the Estries was sometimes equated with demonic feminine figures who prey on men or children in their sleep. Like the Lilith and other night spirits, she represented both the danger of the unseen and the vulnerability of the sleeping body.

The Legend of Lilith:Lilith is a feminine figure in Mesopotamian and Jewish mythology. According to accounts in the Talmud she is a primordial she-demon. Lilith does not appear in the Hebrew Bible or any other biblical source, although her name is derived from a single word in the Book of Isaiah, the meaning is debated. She first appears in Mandaean and Jewish sources from late antiquity (500 AD onward). In Mesopotamian religion, lilû (Lilith) are a class of demonic spirits, consisting of adolescents who died before they could bear children. In modern day Christianity and Judaism, she is often considered demonic. // Lilith, by John Collier

The Oldest Stories of the Estries

As mentioned, there are only a few stories and sources about the Estries from the middle ages. One of the first and most telling though is how they are introduced in Sefer Hasidim:

“1465 There are women that are called Estries… They were created at sunset before the first Sabbath before creation. As a result of this, they are able to change form. There was one woman who was a Estries and she was very sick and there were two women with her at night; one was sleeping and one was awake. And the sick woman stood up and loosened her hair and she was about to fly and suck the blood of the sleeping woman. And the woman who was awake screamed and woke her friend and they grabbed the sick Estries, and after this she slept. And moreover, if she had been able to grab the other woman, then she, the Estries, would have lived. Since she was not able to hurt the other woman, the Estries died, because she needs to drink the blood of living flesh. The same is true of the werewolf. And since….the Estries need to loosen their hair before they fly, one must adjure her to come with her hair bound so that she cannot go anywhere without permission. And if a Estries is injured or seen by someone, she cannot live unless she eats of the bread and salt of the one who struck her. Then her soul will return to the way it was before.

Cleansing and Protection

Unlike many of the vampiric creatures around the world, Estries were considered undeterred by religious iconography and religious verses and chants. Estries were believed to be able to walk into holy places, and synagogues and sometimes to seek prayer for healing from unsuspecting religious people. Blessing an Estries was considered an evil act, but how did you know, and how did you fight her?.

An Estries can only fly when her hair is loose, and it was believed you could subdue her by tying her hair back. Estries were also thought to be mortal, so it doesn’t take much to hurt them. According to the “Sefer Hasidim,” striking or even looking at an Estries might kill her or at least weaken her. 

When an Estries is hurt, in the stories, most often by being observed in her demonic state and weakened, she can heal herself by consuming bread and salt. while Siman 1467 depicts a more merciful Estries who permits her victim to obtain the bread and salt, sparing her life and highlighting their potential for good. 

The Monsters from the Tower of Babel:According to Rabbi Menahim Zioni, a Kabbalist from the 14th century, Estries, giants, werewolves, dybbukim came from those who had built the Tower of Babel, cursed by God for their hubris. Some say that Estries are the children of Lilith. Others say they were created on the twilight of the sixth day of creation and left unfinished by God and is why they’re able to change form and lack souls.

The most reliable way to kill one is to bury her and shove a stake through her mouth, pinning her to the coffin/dirt. When a broxa or an Estries is being buried, one should notice whether or not her mouth is open; if it is, this is a sure sign that she will continue her vampirish activities for another year according to the Rabbi Eliezer Rokeah. Her mouth must be stopped up with earth, and she will be rendered harmless.

Testament of Solomon and the Ancient Vampires

But how old are the biblical vampires? Are the Estries’s more of a jewish version of the European vampire myth or the other way around. Perhaps it is both? 

The first explicit reference occurs in Late Antiquity and is from the Testament of Solomon. In this book, the story is told of a boy loved by the king. But day by day, the boy grows thinner. When King Solomon asks why, the boy says that each night he is visited by a demon. It takes his money, his food and sucks the life force out of him while sucking on the boy’s thumb. Because of this, King Solomon fashions his famous ring and uses it to enslave the demon.

What name the demon goes under is perhaps of less importance. Estries, Lillith Akuha, there are many names, many leading back to the same figure. A seductive and deadly woman, praying and hunting down the blood of the innocent and the good. 

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References:

Estriess – Wikipedia

https://www.heyalma.com/the-history-of-Estriess-aka-jewish-vampires

(PDF) From Dracula to the Motmindam: The Evolution of the Jewish Vampire

Jewish Magic and Superstition: 3. The Powers of Evil | Internet Sacred Text Archive

https://voices.sefaria.org/sheets/469622?lang=bi

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The Lady of the Stairs Haunting Ardgillan Castle

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Outside of Dublin overlooking the Irish sea, a white lady is said to be haunting the premise. Seen coming up from the beach and wandering on the castle grounds, the ghost that is called the Lady of the Stairs is just one of the ghosts said to linger at Ardgillan Castle. 

High above the crashing waves of the Irish Sea, where the green hills of Balbriggan roll toward the cliffs, stands Ardgillan Castle around 20 miles from Dublin. It is not the castle itself that draws whispers of the supernatural, but the lonely bridge known as The Lady’s Stairs, where a sorrowful figure is said to appear on misty nights.

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Ireland

Built in 1738 by Reverend Robert Taylor, Ardgillan Castle has long stood as one of North Dublin’s most striking estates and it remained in the family until 1962. The grounds stretch toward the sea, with manicured gardens giving way to rugged cliffs and the endless horizon beyond. But even in such beauty, tragedy has left its mark. When the railway came, so did the private stairs down to their private beach in the 19th century at the end of the property overlooking the Irish sea. The stairs have been named The Lady’s Stairs, and it comes with a haunted story.

Legend of The Lady of the Stairs

The most famous ghost said to haunt Ardgillan is that of the Lady of the Stairs. There are particularly two legends said to be the origin of the ghosts. According to the first version, the Lady of the Stairs was the devoted wife of a nobleman who loved to swim daily in the cold, unpredictable waters below the estate. Each day, the Lady of the castle would walk to the arched footbridge overlooking the sea, known ever since as The Lady’s Stairs, to watch for his safe return.

One fateful evening, as the tide swelled and the skies turned dark, her husband did not come back. He was claimed by the merciless sea, leaving Lady Langford broken with grief. She returned to the bridge again and again, hoping in vain to see him emerge from the waves. Her vigil ended only when she too passed away, although her ghostly presence is still watching out for her long lost husband.

The Ghost of Lady Langford

Some however, say that the ghost is actually Louisa Augusta Connolly, Baroness of Langford haunting the Lady’s Stairs. Lord Langford of Summerhill House in Co Meath had just married her and brought her to the castle as he went hunting in Scotland as she was a friend of the Taylors. 

Lady Langford lost her life in a drowning accident on the 4th of November in 1853 on their private beach. She was known as a strong swimmer, but it was November, and the wind and waves got stronger and she was pulled out to sea. Several people saw her lifeless body floating in the water, but the waves were too strong to swim against. 

A boat had been launched from Balbriggan, believed to be manned by Mr McGregor. and at 1.40pm, the boat brought her ashore. The lifeless body of Lady Langford was carried up the steep cliffside and across the bridge and on into the castle. Although the servants tried to bring her back to life by placing her in a hot bath, it was to no avail. She was only 31 years old when she died. 

The Ghost of the Lady’s Stairs

For generations, people walking near the cliffs after dusk have claimed to see a figure dressed in white standing silently on the bridge, her gaze fixed on the restless waters below. Locals call her The Lady of Ardgillan or the Lady of the Stairs.

Some say she appears only at twilight, her form faint and shimmering like sea mist. Others insist they have heard soft sobs carried on the wind or seen her vanish when approached. The air grows cold around The Lady’s Stairs, and those who linger too long often describe an overwhelming sense of sorrow, as if the grief of centuries still lingers there. It is also said that if a person goes to the end of the bridge at midnight on Halloween, she will appear and throw them to their death in the ocean. 

The Haunting of Uncle Ned

The Lady of the Stairs is not the only one said to be haunting Ardgillan Castle though, and the ghost of the Reverend, now called Uncle Ned is said to wander the cold corridors of the castle, still looking for his bible he lost. 

It is believed to be the ghost of Reverend Edward Taylor. He moved to the castle with his wife in 1807.  The story goes that he was sitting in the corner of the dining room on the 7th of June, 1852, reading his Bible. Suddenly, he died after a heart attack and the Bible fell out of his hands and to the floor. 

Outside there are 21 yew trees that were planted for his birthday, and workers have sometimes claimed to have seen Uncle Ned strolling on the yew walk. He is also said to be the one opening a particular door that opens by its own in the night. 

After the death of her husband, Mrs Taylor dismissed the staff and moved to Meath. She left a gardener with the key. Some time after, although not specified, the two sons of the gardener were working on the terrace where a passageway leads to the cellars through a glass door. As they were working, they heard footsteps approaching the door inside of the castle. And although they looked everywhere, they found no intruders, and all of the doors were locked. 

The gardener also had some experience with the paranormal activity of the castle, as he a few years before had seen a woman in a white dress, standing behind the glass cellar door. But when he moved to open the door for her, she vanished. When he talked with Mrs Taylor about it, she said she had been visited by the spirit of her son and talked with him, four nights after his death. 

The Castle Banshee

Not only has it been said that ghosts haunt the halls of the castle, there are also workers that swear they have met the ancient banshee entity Ireland is filled with. Tom Reilly, according to the Irish Independents says that one of the rangers swears he met the banshee once as he was making his rounds. This activity is said to have happened in the surrounding forest area, and Banshees are Celtic harbingers of death. She asked him for his comb and he never saw it again. 

The Banshee: People have depicted the Banshee as many things, everything from a beautiful fairy like woman to a monster. Here from the book Bunworth Banshee, Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland by Thomas Crofton Croker, 1825

Whatever really happened, the ranger was apparently adamant that it really did happen, although it hasn’t been reported to have happened ever again. There have been investigators that claim to have evidence of a Banshee presence by screaming into an app and getting something screaming back. Make of that what you will. 

Source

There are also some reported activities, although a bit more vague in nature, in the old kitchens in the basement and the servants quarters in the east and west wings. According to Tom Riley, the local historian and manager of the castle, the death of Edward Richard Taylor’s death as well as a maid who allegedly died during childbirth in the castle, deaths that have helped fuel the haunted stories as well. 

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References:

Ghosts of Ardgillan | Irish Independent

The story of The White Lady of Ardgillan Castle | Skerries Historical Society

‘Spooked Ireland’ Team Tackles Generations-Old Banshee Haunting At Ardgillan Castle | Higgypop Paranormal

Ardgillan Castle – Wikipedia

And now they say her ghost walks the steps at Ardgillan Castle… | Irish Independent

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The Church of San Giuseppe: A Sacred Place Where Rain Still Falls

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In the woodlands on the Hill of the Dead, the Sanctuary of Somazzo or Church of San Giuseppe has been the place of a strange pilgrimage for ages. According to legend, praying to the three girls said to be entombed alive in the church is said to bring rain in times of drought. 

Near the Swiss-Italian border outside Brusata, in Novazzano, where the lush greenery of Ticino meets the rustic charm of Lombardy, stands the Church of San Giuseppe in Somazzo, also known as the Sanctuary of Somazzo, or even the Sanctuary of the Dead. The church on top of the Hill of the Dead in the middle of the woods is a serene yet haunting sanctuary with a story as mysterious as the mists that often gather around its spire. 

Read more: Check out all ghost stories from Switzerland and Italy

The current religious building was constructed by expanding a previous oratory dedicated to San Cassiano, whose existence is attested as early as the 15th century where the oldest historical mention dates back to 1423. In the 17th to the 20th century, hermits used to settle around the sanctuary. In a visit from the bishop in 1671, the building was called “Oratorio delle Anime Purganti” and indicated a dedication to the souls in purgatory.

To the unassuming visitor, the Sanctuary of Somazzo may appear as just another picturesque rural church, but local legend speaks of a chilling sacrifice and a miraculous legacy tied to its stones.

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A Haunting Legend of Three Girls

According to oral tradition passed down, the Church of San Giuseppe hides a tragic and unsettling secret. The tradition comes to life during times of drought.

Long ago, during a time of religious fervor and superstition, three young girls were said to have been walled up alive on the north side of the Uggiate sanctuary because they resisted a lord who wanted to abuse them or because they wanted to keep the women’s fidelity to their husbands.. “To keep faith with the husband,” is written on the sanctuary wall.

Legend has it that a kiln worker from Riva San Vitale who was passing by heard their cries and helped them by offering them water with his hat through holes in the wall. As thanks they gave a prophecy: “When you are thirsty, come to us and we will quench your thirst.”

Miracles on the Hill of the Dead

The phenomenon has persisted well into modern times. Farmers and devout villagers from both sides of the border make their way to the hilltop Sanctuary of Somazzo during particularly dry seasons, holding onto hope, and often, walking away in awe when the skies open shortly after.

Rather than fading into obscurity, the legend grew. Over time, locals began to believe that these girls, martyred in silence, had been granted a unique and powerful gift: the ability to bring rain. In times of prolonged drought people began to climb the hill to San Giuseppe, praying to the spirits of the girls for relief. “Nem a tö l’acqua a Ügiaa,” they say in Riva.

A particularly memorable edition of the procession in Mendrisiotto was held in 1976. On that occasion, the faithful of Riva walked to the sanctuary at the height of a long drought. Their initiative was followed by several days of heavy rain. It rained so much that “the lake rose and the firefighters worked for weeks to empty our cellars.” as the river overflowed. 

As one who actually attended one a couple of the processions said: “I don’t believe it, but I can confirm,” an elderly man reports, “out of four processions I’ve attended, it rained four times.”

A Place of Faith and Mystery at the Sanctuary of Somazzo

The Church of San Giuseppe, humble in its architecture and quiet in demeanor, has become a spiritual focal point for those who believe in the intertwined powers of nature, sacrifice, and the divine. While no historical records confirm the story of the three girls walled up in the walls of the Sanctuary of Somazzo, the power of the tale endures. 

There are however the supposed relics of the three girls still kept at the sanctuary of the dead, dedicated to the people in purgatory.

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References:

La leggenda e la profezia In processione per l’acqua

Il piccolo valico che apre solo due volte l’anno (una per San Giuseppe) 

Santuario di Somazzo – Wikipedia

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The White Lady of Duino Castle: A Haunting Beneath the Cliffs by the Castle Ruins

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Frozen in all eternity as a stone below the old castle of Duino on the cliffs. It is said to be haunted by the Lady in White, the former lady of the castle, thrown off the cliffs by her jealous husband. Now she returns to the castle to watch over her child she left behind. 

Lovers, if Angels could understand them, might utter
strange things in the midnight air.
– Rainer Maria Rilke, Duino Elegies

High above the Gulf of Trieste on a rugged cliffside stands the ruins of the old Duino Castle, a fortress of ancient stones and whispered sorrows. According to stories, this was once a place of druidic worship dedicated to the Sun God. The oldest written document that deals with the fortress of Duino dated 1139, built on the ruins of a Roman outpost, the period in which the dominion of the Tybein de Dewino, or Tybeiner who were vassals of the patriarchs of Aquileia.

Read more: Check out all ghost stories from Italy

The castle ruins we can see today date back to the castle from 1389, when the Wallsee family commanded the construction of a strong fortress. Over time, the Wallsee family disappeared and the castle, after having been used as a prison, became the residence of the Luogar and Hofer.

Tales of the old Duino Castle and area have been immortalized by the Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke in his Duino Elegies. Though its walls have withstood centuries of storms, wars, and noble intrigues, one tale lingers more vividly than any written in the history books — the legend of the White Lady, a spirit trapped between grief and stone.

Rilke: René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was an Austrian poet and novelist. Duino Castle near Trieste, Austria, was where Rilke began writing the Duino Elegies in 1912, recounting that he heard the famous first line as a voice in the wind while walking along the cliffs and that he wrote it quickly in his notebook.

The Jealous Knight and the Locked Tower

Centuries ago, according to local lore, a powerful and cruel knight lived in the castle with his beautiful young wife and their infant son. Some sources give her the name Esterina da Portole. This version was told to Rainer Maria Rilke, who was a frequent guest to Duino Castle by his dear friend, Princess Marie of Thurn und Taxis.

Read more: Check out all haunted castles around the world

The knight was renowned for his wrath and his greed — and his unbearable jealousy. He was always in a fight with his enemies who plundered the village and his properties.

So striking was his wife’s beauty that he refused to allow anyone else to see her and he was terrified that some other noble would take her away. It was rumored that when he was away, they would try to get her to run away with them. But every time a suitor came, she rejected him, staying loyal to her husband, loving her captor despite it all. Each time he left on military campaigns or diplomatic missions, he would lock her away in a tower on the edge of the cliff, where no eyes but his own could admire her.

The woman, though imprisoned, bore her fate with quiet dignity. A model of patience and compassion, she spent her days tending to her child, singing lullabies through the high windows of her stone prison, gazing longingly at the sea below.

A Fatal Return and Divine Intervention

One fateful day, the knight returned from a long and grueling campaign. Weary, paranoid, and possessed by a wild suspicion that his wife had been unfaithful — despite her unwavering loyalty — he flew into a fit of uncontrollable rage. In his madness, he dragged her to the edge of the cliff and hurled her from the tower. In some versions he planned it all, lured her out to the cliffs and pushed her off. 

But the sea never claimed her.

According to legend, God took pity on the faithful woman, and before her body could be shattered on the rocks below, she was transformed into white stone — frozen mid-fall, her soul spared but not freed. Her grief was so great, her maternal longing so powerful, that even as her body became rock, her spirit remained trapped, condemned to search for her lost child for all eternity.

The Rock of the White Lady: Said to be the petrified stone of the lady of the castle, La Dama Bianca is said to wake up in the night and wander the old castle ruins. // Source: Flickr

The Wandering Ghost of Midnight

To this day, the locals of Duino whisper that at midnight, when the winds from the Adriatic stir the waves below the castle, the White Lady awakens, or La Dama Bianca di Duino as she is known in Italy. Her stone form detaches from the cliffside and takes on spectral life. It is said that she appears and disappears three times in the night. Cloaked in white, she wanders the halls of the old Duino Castle, her translucent figure searching every room, desperate to find her infant’s cradle.

Witnesses have described hearing soft footsteps in empty rooms, the sound of a mother weeping, and even lullabies drifting through the corridors on moonlit nights. Others tell of a Roman candle that is in a castle hall every night burns and crosses the salons until the doors open by themselves.

The apparition never speaks, but her anguish is palpable. And just before dawn, when the first light touches the cliffs, the Lady in White walks back to her ledge, turns once more to stone, and resumes her eternal vigil.

The Stone That Still Watches

In the stories told to Rilke, there is another version of how the rock was formed. This version describes a young princess named Duna, 13, who had “green eyes that look like the sea.” She fell in love with Rein, 15, a boy from a fishing village near Duino Castle. Her father, King Aquillio, opposed their romance, demanding that Rein sail into the sea in a storm. Forced to obey, Rein set out but never returned. Heartbroken, Duna went to the rocks below the castle to look for him, hoping he would come back. She stayed there so long, embracing a large rock, that she eventually turned to stone herself.

Castello Duino: Castle Duino with the ruins of the old castle in the background.

Tourists who visit Duino Castle today can still see the White Lady’s Rock or the Rocca della Dama Bianca. It’s a striking limestone outcrop that juts from the cliff just beneath the castle’s walls. From the sea, the rock’s form eerily resembles a robed woman mid-fall or mid-reach, her face lifted toward the fortress. Sailors and fishermen long claimed the figure protected them from storms, while others say it’s best not to look too long, lest the Lady’s sorrow follow you home. 

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References:

The White Lady

The White Lady Legend, Duino Castle, Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia

FOLKLORE: LA DAMA BIANCA

Duino Castle – Wikipedia