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The Legend of the Witches of Llers Castle and the Vampire, Conde Estruch of Catalonia

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Was there an iberian vampire before the European vampire panic in Eastern Europe? Who was really Conde Estruch, the vampire of Catalonia, and what happened to the witches of Llers Castle the count was said to use as his lair. 

In the dark hills of Catalonia, where forests cling to ancient stone and the cold Tramuntana del Canigó wind sings, stories about witches and vampires haunt the old ruins still standing. Like the supposed haunted ruins of Llers Castle, located in the highest part of the town of the same name, in the province of Girona close to the French border.

Read More: Check out all ghostly stories from Spain

Unlike many modern portrayals of the vampire, the legend of Conde Estruch is as mysterious as its origins. Is it an old remnant from Catalan lore, or is it actually a modern invention built on old fears?

The Noble Origin of Conde Estruch

Imaginary portrait of King Alfonso II of Aragon (1157-1196)

Let’s go back to what most outlets, articles and books tell us today about the mysterious and deadly vampire Conde Estruch. According to Catalan mythology, Conde Estruch was once a nobleman of high standing. The count is sometimes known as Arnald, Guifred or Wilfred Estruch and lived in the 12th century under King Alfons II of Aragon. 

The king sent the elderly count on a mission to Llers Castle, located in the Empordà region of Catalonia, to fight against paganism and witchcraft. He was killed during the mission to convert the locals at the castle in 1173. Some say it was by witchcraft, cursing him to come back as something monstrous. Some say that it was because of his own sins and way of life he didn’t die peacefully, but was turned into something demonic, something vampiric. 

Soon after his burial, the villagers began to notice eerie signs. Livestock were found drained of blood without trace of injury. Crops failed in one field while others thrived. According to legend, the count, now returned as a young man, attacked the villagers, sucking their blood dry. He also seduced and impregnated women who gave birth to monstrous stillborns.

This went on for years. There are several theories about what finally stopped him. Some say that an elderly nun slayed him. Others say it was a Jewish hermit who used ancient rituals from the Kabbalah. 

The Truth Behind the Myth

How much of this old legend from Catalonia is true though? Did such a count exist in history? Did it even exist in old legends? There is talk about sources from the archives of Ripoll, but what exactly are these sources? According to author Salvador Sáinz who published his first book about the vampiric nobleman in 1991. There are those claiming that others have alluded to a vampiric being in this place before, like documents about the Jewish hermit who stopped the vampire, dating as far back as 1918. But after the loss of documents after the damages caused by the Civil War, it’s hard to say what’s true anymore.  But when the local historian, Antoni Egea Codina went to search for evidence in the 90s, he found nothing. 

As the author himself said in a blog comment: “I approach the novel as a fantasy story and I don’t intend to make anyone believe that Estruch existed. There was a legend that in the books was only four lines, no more, and I gave it an identity.” Source

He also wrote on his blog: I looked for a story set in our homeland and came across the legend of a certain Estruc. Reimagined as Count Estruch, a character of my own invention. Source

Some variant accounts, such as in popular Spanish media, place his activities in the early 13th century and depict him participating in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa on July 16, 1212, serving as a knight in the Christian forces led by King Peter II of Aragon against the Almohad Caliphate. A variant of the legend, which took place in 1173, claims that Estruch was poisoned by his own captain, Benach.

The surname Estruch is of Catalan origin, derived from the Latin personal name “Astrucus”. It appears in medieval records but without clear ethnic specificity. It is however a common name among the medieval jews in the area, but no lord or other person is connected to this story as of yet. 

In Occitania at that time, the Cathar heresy was deeply entrenched and stories about devils, witches and other monsters lurking. The story of the count does remind about another catalan tale though, that of the evil Count Arnau, who ended thanks to a nun. 

Read More: The Ghost of Comte Arnau on his Fiery Horse

Was the vampire tale actually a creation of fiction from one man rather than old lore from the community?

The Legend of Castle Llers

What about the castle, if the count wasn’t real, what about the lore of the castle? The castle is real and was from the 11th century with documentations from 1021. And when the supposed vampire and witch hunt happened, it coincided with a long line of Lords of Llers in more peaceful times than the legend suggests. 

Castle Llers: Its border location during the Middle Ages made the municipality of Llers the most fortified area of ​​the Empordà region , and one of the richest areas in Catalonia. The town had a barony castle from which eleven others depended. // Image: Albert Sarola Juanola

This castle was seriously damaged, first by the explosion of the powder magazine, caused by a spark from a smoker, and then in two bloody battles: the War of the Spanish Succession (1705-1716) and the Great War (1790-1795).

The worst disaster came with the Civil War. On February 8, 1938, Republican troops were retreating towards the border when they detonated 200 kilos of TNT stored in the church to prevent the ammunition to be used. The explosion had devastating effects, completely destroying the town. The force of the blast was such that only a large crater remained where the church had stood. Fortunately, the residents were warned, preventing a massacre, although the mayor perished. 

The locals have recalled witch myths to the castle, but according to them, no one was talking about vampires until the books were published in 1991. It is currently being restored by the City Council and tourism is clearly using the vampiric legend that has grown around it.

The Witches of In Llers

But what about the witches of Llers, the legend said to have been around for centuries? Les Garrigues, the area between Llers and Avinyonet de Puigventós, is the setting for many tales of witches. During the 16th and 17th centuries, witch hunts in this area were intense, with trials and executions that left an indelible mark on popular culture. 

It is a place where the Tramuntana del Canigó blows with great force in this place as there are no mountains shielding the town. As fast as 100 km per hour the wind can travel.  When the cold and harsh Tramuntana wind blows, you can hear whispering about the witches who lived and live in those lands.

The sharp whistle of the wind, according to popular beliefs, was caused by the fury of these women. Legend says that the witches of Llers, when angered, caused numerous disasters and hailstorms throughout the Empordà plain that could destroy the crops. When the hailstorm was caused by a witch, it was believed that she would leave a strand of hair behind every stone.

It was said that only the sound of the Figueres bell tower could quell such damage and a special bell ringing would block their path in the sky. The witches, unwilling to be defeated by the ringing of the bell tower, gathered together with the intention of bringing it down one New Years Eve. The bell ringer, sensing something was amiss, climbed the tower to check that everything was in order. When he reached the top, he saw a swarm of witches riding their broomsticks toward him. He then began to ring the bells incessantly; the noise and the battle were terrible, but in the end, the bell ringer managed to defeat the witches. But their attack created a fissure that would remain until the Civil War when the tower came down. 

The Witches of Llers: Les bruixes de Llers is a collection of poems published in 1924 by Carles Fages de Climent , with illustrations by Salvador Dalí and a prologue by Ventura Gassol. It was Fages’ first book of poems and the first book illustrated by Dalí.

According to some authors, like Joan Guillament in the 1976 book Bruixeria a Catalunya, there were rumours about witches into the late 1800s. One particular incident happened to a 72 year old woman who died in 1878, thought to be a witch by the villagers, causing problems for her four daughters and their reputation. 

Spanish Vampirism

So was it all just a figment of certain people’s imagination, or was the iberian vampire actually a collective idea and fear? It seems as with most cultures, the Spanish people have their tales of vampiric beings. 

In Asturia they have Guaxa. In Cantabrian they have Guajona, a blood-sucking hag from nearby Cantabrian folklore known for preying on sleeping victims without killing them. Whether to treat the two as the same entity with different names is uncertain. 

Read More: Guajona: The Blood-Thirsty Entity of Iberian Folklore and A Cautionary Tale of the Vampiric Guaxa from Asturia

Another Catalan “legend” is that of the Dips, a name given to a type of vampire dog that supposedly existed in meadows located a few kilometers south of Reus. It is even claimed that for this reason there is a town called Pratdip. 

Read More: El Dip: The Catalan Vampire Hound

A Pale Shadow in the Hills

Today the legend of Conde Estruch survives mostly in books and in the debate online if he was or wasn’t a real figure. The castle was destroyed in the Spanish Civil War and the historical documents about the legend are still not found. However, it seems like the legend has just started to take root. Several sites serve the story as an old legend rather than a modern fiction story. The legend of the catalonian vampire, it seems, is expanding. 

Llers celebrates its connection to these stories through the Fes-te Bruixa fair. In the wild hills of Catalonia, where mists rise at dusk and shadows gather where the path is lost, the story of witches and blood sucking monsters continues to be told. 

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References:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_Estruch

El pare reusenc del primer vampir català

https://www.historiesdeuropa.cat/2016/12/el-primer-vampir-europeu-era-catala

https://www.castillosnet.org//monumento.php?r=GE-CAS-148&seo=

descubriendo ciudades…: Templarios en Catalunya: de Llers pasando por el Empordà

Llers – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

HISTORIA – Cultura, historia y patrimonio de Llers (Alt Empordà, Girona)

El conde Estruch

Javier Coria: EL CONDE ESTRUCH: ¿EL VAMPIRO CATALÁN?

El conde Estruch. – REALIDAD TRASCENDENTAL

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The Haunting of Caerphilly Castle – The Lady in Green and the Hag of Death

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A story of doomed lovers and haunted ivy leaves, the Lady in Green is said to haunt Caerphilly Castle in Wales together with the spirit of Gwrach-y-Rhibyn, wailing as an omen of death. 

Caerphilly Castle, one of the grandest fortresses in Wales, rises out of its mist-shrouded moat like a sleeping giant. Its immense stone walls and leaning tower have watched over the Rhymney Valley since the 13th century, built by Gilbert de Clare, the Norman Marcher Lord who sought to secure his power in South Wales. 

Yet beneath its stoic strength and noble history lies a tale of deathly omens, unquiet spirits, and the restless dead that refuse to release their hold upon its battlements.

A Castle Built for War

Caerphilly Castle was built by Gilbert de Clare (1243 – 1295) to control Glamorgan and halt the territorial expansion of Llewelyn ap Gruffudd (1223-1282). It is the second largest castle in size in Britain. It was built in a time of war and struggle for control over Wales and many of its ghosts come from this time. Spectral men-at-arms witnessed on the battlements.

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from haunted castles 

On the 11th April 1268 Gilbert de Clare began construction of Caerphilly Castle. He built the castle to secure the area from attack and prevent lowland south Wales from falling into the hands of the Welsh leader Llywelyn the Last (Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf). Llywelyn realised the threat and tried but failed to prevent the castle from being built. 

He made an attack in 1270 but building began again in 1271. Alterations, including the great hall by Hugh le Despenser in 1322-6, were the last making it a very pure example of late 13th century military architecture and a place of ghosts.

The Lady in Green Haunting

One of the more well known ghosts said to haunt the castle is that of Princess Alice. Alice de Lusignan, or Alice of Angoulême (October 1236 – May 1290), was described as being very beautiful with dark hair and dark eyes. She was also flirtatious and provocative according to people and rumors followed her because of it. She is said to haunt the castle, having died of a broken heart after de Clare killed her lover Gruffudd the Fair, Prince of Brithdir. 

Alice was the first wife of Marcher baron Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, and half-niece of King Henry III of England. In 1253, Alice married Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester (2 September 1243 – 7 December 1295). He was the son of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford and Maud de Lacy. He was ten years old at the time of his marriage. According to the story, she moved with her husband to the castle and fell in love with a prince.

Gruffudd confessed their secret to a monk, but was betrayed as the monk told her husband. Gilbert, filled with rage, sent his wife back to France and ordered his men to find Gruffudd. Gruffudd had caught the traitor monk and hanged him from a tree at a site now known as “Monk’s Vale” in, although it’s unknown if this is a real place. Gilbert’s men caught up with him, and Gruffudd was also hanged in the forest.

As a final step in his revenge, Gilbert sent a messenger to France to inform Alice that he had killed Gruffudd and she dropped dead on the spot.

Her ghost has haunted the ramparts of Caerphilly Castle ever since and her green robes mock her husband’s envy. Her presence has made ivy grow at rampant rates around the castle so it might be said she has eyes everywhere. 

How True was the Story  of the Doomed Lovers?

Did the legend of the Green Lady of Caerphilly Castle actually happen? It looks like history will say no. It actually looks like Alice de Lusignan or Angoulême never stepped foot in Caerphilly Castle. She lived until her husband’s treason against the crown in Tonbridge Castle in Kent, England. She died in May 1290 in Warren, Sussex, England and perhaps it was not of a broken heart at all. 

There were rumors about her infidelity, but that was with her half first cousin Prince Edward, while she was briefly imprisoned on account of her husband’s treason. In later years, “Red” Gilbert would become one of the most powerful and important noblemen in the kingdom. The marriage produced two daughters although the marriage was annulled on 16 May 1285.

But what about ‘Gruffudd the Fair, Prince of Brithdir’? Brithdir is actually a small village in the northern part of the Rhymney Valley near New Tredegar, in the county borough of Caerphilly, south Wales. But there was never a prince connected to it, and even though not all sources claim he was a prince, there wasn’t a ‘Gruffudd the Fair either as far as sources goes. There was however Gilbert’s Welsh rival Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Gwynedd, who later was recognised as one of the last independent  Prince of Wales. Perhaps he was the source of the legend, although he and Alice probably never met in real life.

So what about the Lady in Green said to haunt the castle? There have been countless stories of the green woman throughout the British Isles, often connected with the supernatural, like a crossover between witches, goddesses, fairy folk and the like. What is it that is said to haunt the ivy leaves and green of the castle? Could it just be a made up story, or could it be something else, something older? There was also a room at the castle, built into the wall, and supposedly haunted by an evil entity, but even less is said in regards to this. 

The Haunting of The Hag of the Mist

The Lady in Green is not the only spirit said to roam around the old castle grounds. And something even older is said to be behind the next haunting. 

De Clare family, once proud masters of Caerphilly Castle, were stalked by a spirit not of this world. The Gwrach-y-Rhibyn, the “Hag of the Mist,” was their personal harbinger of doom. To hear her rasping cry or glimpse her thin, leathery form was to know that death would soon strike the family. She would appear cloaked in shadow, her long hair matted, her hands twisted, her mouth opening in a mournful wail that echoed through the halls like the wind before a storm. Her presence foretold tragedy, a spectral messenger calling the family to prepare for loss.

The story of how she ended up at Caerphilly Castle stems from the 1700s. Apparently, she used to live in a swamp outside of Caerphilly. However, when the swamp flooded, she ventured into the town itself, terrifying everyone by flying around, screaming like a banshee. Some of the local boys tried to catch her but she fled into the castle, where she still resides today. 

When the de Clares finally left Caerphilly, fleeing war and ruin, the Gwrach-y-Rhibyn remained behind. The people of Caerphilly whisper that she is still there, bound to the castle’s ruins by grief and duty. Even today, when the de Clare family has died out, she is said to linger. 

On misty nights, when the moonlight shimmers on the flooded moat, she is seen drifting toward the castle’s gatehouse, her form little more than vapor in the cold air. It is said that the Gwrach-y-Rhibyn still walks toward Caerphilly on nights of death and change, her wail announcing another soul claimed by fate. 

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References:

Green Lady of Caerphilly Castle

Caerphilly Castle

The Green Lady of Caerphilly Castle, Wales — Facts-Chology

Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Gloucester – Wikipedia

Caerphilly Castle

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Guajona: The Blood-Thirsty Entity of Iberian Folklore

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Preying on the blood of the young one, the vampiric Guajona from northern Spain is said to stalk the villages and valleys in Cantabria, thirsting for blood. 

In the grim and windswept villages of northern Spain in Cantabria there walks a terrifying figure from Cantabrian mythology. Known as the Guajona or sometimes Lamia, she is a spectral entity associated with night, hunger, and death itself, an entity between a witch and vampire. 

Read More: Check out all ghostly stories and legends from Spain

Cantabria is a historic community between the Basque country, Asturias and Castile, facing the Cantabrian sea. The area is known as the lush and green part of Spain from the coast to the mountains. Its remote and mountainous region made it possible for them to preserve both their celtic and Roman paganism for a long time. And with it, their monsters as well. 

The Spanish Vampire: Guajona lore is very similar to the neighbouring Asturian mythology of Guaxa. The origin of Guajona or Guaja could be in classical Arabic وحش wahsh, meaning “beast”. Although some give a different explanation. Xulio Concepción claims it comes from the Latin: “enemy,” in turn derived from the Indo-European ghos-ti: “foreigner, guest.”

Guajona and the Face of Hunger

The Guajona is described as a pale, gaunt woman with sunken features and long, stringy hair that drapes her shoulders like tattered cloth. Her skin is pale as bone, and her eyes are often said to glow faintly in the darkness. Her hands and feet are gnarled bird legs, her face is yellow and consumed by rough and hairy warts, her eyes are tiny and bright as stars. Her aquiline nose and mouth contain a single black razor sharp tooth that extends long enough to be under her chin and used to suck blood.

What marks her above all is her appearance of starvation. She is thin to the point of grotesque, as if hunger itself has become her form.

The creature only appears at night. It is unknown where she is meant to sleep during the day although it is suspected to be hiding underground. She feeds upon the life force of those she encounters. Those who see her are said to feel a sudden cold chill, an inexplicable weakness, or a sense of unbearable dread.

The Legend of Lamia: A lot of European myths about vampiric beings can be traced back to the Ancient Greek legend of Lamia, the child-devouring monster that were also known to haunt people and suck their blood as a daimon. As well as sharing many similarities between the legend of Lilith and other ancient succubus entities.  Read more: The Beautiful Queen Lamia Who Became a Vampire Monster. // Image: Lamia (second version, 1909) by John William Waterhouse.

A Nightmare in the Night

Descriptions of her movements are unsettling. She is sometimes said to glide over the ground without making sound, appearing suddenly behind travelers on deserted roads, creeping toward sleeping homes, or waiting in the shadows of forests and village edges. Guajona invades homes without getting noticed and walks silently toward healthy young children to suck their blood in their sleep by sticking her tooth into their veins. 

Cantabrian Mythology: The indigenous mythology of Cantabria , from its earliest origins and throughout history, has become intertwined with Celtic and Roman myths , and is partly related to legends and traditions from the rest of the Cantabrian coast . Christianity in Cantabria was a very late arrival. In the  4th century , the population was still mostly pagan. Among the remnants of myths that still persist as a substratum in Cantabrian tradition is the worship of great protective deities, such as the adoration of the Sun. // Image: Source

She does not kill them, instead leaving them almost bloodless so when they wake up in the morning they will be tired, pale and discolored. Guajona also attacks adults. Some versions of the legend say she not only drains life but also spirit. Those who encounter her may fall ill in inexplicable ways, left pale and weak as though an unseen hand has taken from them something essential. In older narratives, unexplained wasting sickness, sudden death, and lifelong fatigue were all sometimes attributed to an encounter with the Guajona.

A Cautionary Tale of the Guaxa

The legend of Guajona is often told together with the legend of the Guaxa from Asturia, the neighboring region to Cantabria. In fact, most places on the northern part of the Iberian peninsula from Portugal to Spain have their version of a bloodsucking witch entity no one really knows where it comes from. Some would even claim it is the same legend, just going under different names. 

So what is the difference between the tale of Guajona and the Astorian Guaxa? The lore behind the Guaxa follows a lot of the same steps as with the Guajona. She’s described as an old woman, sneaking into people’s homes to drink their blood. She particularly loves the blood of children. 

As the Guajona she is thin, ugly covered in warts and is said to have a single sharp tooth. The Guaxa is often said to be invisible and said to be able to slip though small cracks like the chimney, and even the keyhole. 

As with many vampiric beings from southern Europe, she is associated with owls or other nocturnal birds. In Asturia, people can say “It looks like the Guaxa has swallowed you,” when people have lost a lot of weight, as the Guaxa slowly over time drained people’s lives. 

One thing that is not so often talked about with the Guajona is how to ward off or fight against the Guaxa with amulets or other rituals. 

Read More: A Cautionary Tale of the Vampiric Guaxa from Asturia

Similar creatures are found in Galician lore as well, going under the name of the Meiga Chuchona. The question is, where did the legend evolve from? Should these entities be seen as the same creature with different names, or is their geographical regions and variations enough to make them separate beings in folklore?

Origins of the Legend of the Guajona

Adriano García-Lomas, a scholar of these topics, maintains that the Guajona was invented by the folklorist Manuel Llano, based on its Asturian equivalent. This opinion is widespread and can be considered the accepted one today. At least in Cantabrian, although the Asturian lore would say it’s the other way. 

Research of the lore shows that the legends go back centuries at least. As mentioned, many of the vampiric and witch entities in Europe, especially those areas taken over by the Roman empire, have a lot of things in common with the ancient Greek Lamia. Perhaps it is all a mix from south and north? Perhaps there is something particularly frightening lingering in the misty woods in Northern Spain? 

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References:

Guajona – Wikipedia

Cantabria – Wikipedia

Mitología cántabra – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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A Cautionary Tale of the Vampiric Guaxa from Asturia

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Stalking the northern valleys in Spain, the vampiric Guaxa witch from Asturian legends stalks the night. Although no one is safe, the starved and thirsty monster is especially after the blood of the children. 

In the foggy landscape in Asturia in northern Spain, a vampiric figure is said to linger in the cracks of shadows, waiting for her prey. They say: “wherever a breath of air passes, the Guaxa passes .” An entity between the witch and vampire, she is after the blood of children. 

Read More: Check out all ghostly stories from Spain

Asturia, once an ancient kingdom encompassing most of northern Spain is now confined to a coastal bit overlooking the Atlantic ocean. Even so, the old languages of Asturian are still spoken in the valleys by the elderly, and the tales they have to tell are that of monsters and witches. 

The Vampiric Guaxa Witch

The Guaxa is said to be an old and thin woman-like entity, ugly and covered in warts. She is said to have a single sharp tooth she stalks her prey with. The Guaxa is not often seen at all, and is often said to be invisible, slipping through small cracks of people’s houses like the chimney, and even the keyhole. 

Because she is either invisible, or just seen at night, it is believed that she hides in caves or hollow tree trunks during the day. 

As with many vampiric beings from southern Europe, she is associated with owls or other nocturnal birds. Some also associate the Guaxa with the coruxa (owl), closely linked to witches, and thus consider the Guaxa to be a witch herself.

Curuxa the Barn Owl: The Curuxa are a nefarious omen, especially if they land over the house of an ill person as those inside will die.  It is also said that les bruxes like to shapeshift into a barn owl to fly where they see fit and sneak into forbidden places to steal. Overlapping and sharing a lot with the Northern Portuguese vampire witch Bruxa. // Image: Source

She sneaks into people’s homes in the middle of the night and feeds on them with her one sharp tooth. Children are preferred, but also young women and handsome men are in danger. She doesn’t kill them at once, nor does she transform her victims to one of her own. She slowly kills them, draining their life, bit by bit. In Asturia, people can say “It looks like the Guaxa has swallowed you,” when people have lost a lot of weight, as the Guaxa slowly over time drained people’s lives. 

Protection from the Guaxa

But how do you protect yourself from an invisible supernatural being no one can find or kill? The best thing to do is keep her at a distance. In Astorian tradition there is often talk about the cigua, a talisman of sorts in the form of an amulet. It is shaped like a closed fist in a black chiastolite stone, often known as St. Peter’s stone. 

The Black Jet Hand: Mostly, giving the finger is an obscene gesture meant to offend. In Portugal, Brazil, and some places in Spain, such as Galicia and Asturias, it is a gesture of good luck, or even wishing good luck. It is also believed to ward off evil eye and protect oneself from evil. In these countries, an amulet of a hand performing the fig sign is worn as a good luck or protective charm. In Asturias, these amulets are made from Jet, and it is usual to give them to young kids to protect them from evil eye. In Spanish these amulets are called “Higas”. In Galician language and Portuguese language they are called “Figas”, and in Asturleonese language they are called “Ciguas”.

Another option is protection rituals for people who have been attacked by a Guaxa. These individuals had to drink a preparation made from alicorn, that is actually unicorn horn, that had been macerated with pieces of deer antler and fragments of silver. 

In the case of children, they could also be given a small bag containing 10 grams of rice, which was hung around their necks with a black thread tied with nine knots.

The Guajona Vampire Witch from Cantabria

Asturia shares a lot with the other northern regions in Spain, like Galicia to the west and Cantabria to the east. In Cantabrian lore you will find another vampiric entity that looks and behaves so similar to the Guaxa that many think that this is actually the same story with different names. 

So what is the difference between the tale of the vampiric witch Guajona from Cantabria and the Astorian Guaxa?

The lore behind the Guaxa follows a lot of the same steps as with the Guajona. She’s described as an old woman, sneaking into people’s homes to drink their blood with her single sharp tooth. She is also just seen during the night, but this lore doesn’t insist on her being invisible as much. She is thought to slumber underground during the day. The word Guajona is most likely from Arabic roots meaning beast, and sometimes, this version is also called Lamia. 

The Legend of Lamia: A lot of European myths about vampiric beings can be traced back to the Ancient Greek legend of Lamia, the child-devouring monster that were also known to haunt people and suck their blood as a daimon. As well as sharing many similarities between the legend of Lilith and other ancient succubus entities.  Read more: The Beautiful Queen Lamia Who Became a Vampire Monster. // Image: Lamia (second version, 1909) by John William Waterhouse.

Similar creatures are found in Galician lore as well, going under the name of the Meiga Chuchona. As mentioned, northern Portugal also has the Bruxa legend. The question: where did the legend evolve from? Should these entities be seen as the same creature with different names, or is their geographical regions and variations enough to make them separate beings in folklore?

How old is the Legend of the Guaxa?

The Guaxa is often talked about as an old being from ancient Indo-European folklore. But exactly when did the legend of the Guaxa emerge from the shadows?

The legend of the Guaxa was first written down by Jove and Bravo in the Myths and Superstitions of Asturias from 1897. By this time, the legend had been greatly influenced by modern fears and monsters as well as Christianity. Many think that she is merely a version of the witch figure. But was there a Guaxa pre-Christian Asturia?

The word Guaxa comes from the Asturian language, guax, guax, the onomatopoeia for the sound of owls. In one of the earliest descriptive studies of the figure, Aurelio de Llano denies her belonging to the Asturian mythical pantheon, considering her nothing more than a witch, a term derived from the Latin word “striga”  or stryx, meaning a nocturnal bird).

As mentioned it is also thought that the legend of the Guaxa is branched off from the figure of Lamia from Greece as well as the vampire of Germanic legends. But how far does a legend have to exist before it becomes canon?

For example, in 1480 we know of lawsuits and accusations in the Royal Chancery of Valladolid against Teresa Prieta, a resident of Xove (Gijón), for practicing the profession of Estriga (witch) to enter other people’s houses and suck the blood “mostly of children.”

Read More: Teresa Prieto The Witch of Jove and Spain’s First Vampire Case

The Vampiric Witches of Spain

What lurks in the misty woods in northern Spain? As the fog weaves through the ancient trees, the air becomes thick with mystery and intrigue. Legends speak of elusive creatures and spirits that roam these enchanted forests, whispering secrets to those who will listen, while the rustle of leaves and the distant calls of unseen wildlife create an atmosphere teeming with life and wonder. Perhaps one of them is the blood thirsty monster of the Guaxa?

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References:

Guaxa – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

Guaxa – Viquipèdia, l’enciclopèdia lliure

Guaxa, la bruja bebedora de sangre

SERES MITOLÓGICOS ASTURIANOS: LA GÜAXA 

El grimorio de bestias: Guaxa

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Loogaroo: The Shape-Shifting Vampire of Caribbean Folklore

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Hanging her skin in trees every night, the vampiric Loogaroo across the Caribbean goes out to hunt for blood to quench her thirst as well as pay her dark lord for her dark powers. 

In the islands of the Caribbean, especially within Haitian and Louisiana Creole folklore, there exists a creature whose legend has frightened generations and crossed oceans into wider ghost traditions. This being is known as the loogaroo, blending European, Indigenous and African horror across the Americas.

Unlike the European vampire that rises from the grave, the loogaroo is a living body transformed, a creature that sheds its human form at night to hunt unseen. 

Origin and Name of The Loogaroo

The term loogaroo is widely recognized in Haiti, Grenada and other French speaking parts of the Caribbean as well as Louisiana. It is derived from the French loup-garou, meaning “werewolf,” but over time the creature became distinct from its European counterpart that the settlers brought with them. 

The Loup-garou: Traditional tales about the Loup-Garou are found in French colonies and European folklore. The Loup-Garou, which literally means ‘wolf-werewolf ‘,  is believed to be a cursed man. s an individual who can shapeshift into a wolf or therianthropic hybrid wolf–humanlike creature, either voluntarily or involuntarily due to a curse or other affliction. Because of European colonisation, similar legends blended with the locals, especially in the French colonies.

The legend of the Loogaroo differs greatly from its namesake though. In the Caribbean context, the loogaroo is most often depicted as a woman with shapeshifting abilities who feeds on human life force rather than sheep or livestock.

In later adaptations of the myth, Loogahoo is a man that has been corrupted by wealth and has dealt with the Devil to keep his status. He is often disguised as a charming and well dressed man, to lure young women to their deaths. He primarily draws blood from the stomach and abdomen.

Her origin stories vary. In some, the Loogaroo is a woman who has made a pact with dark forces and is actually more of a witch-like vampiric being than the werewolf name would say. Not only does she have to feed herself to live, she also has to supply her dark lord with fresh blood. Therefore it is much closer to the Soucouyant myth, another shape-shifting and blood-sucking creature in Caribbean folklore than the werewolf myth of the Loup-garou.

The Soucoyant: The Soucouyant is a folklore character who appears as a reclusive old woman (or man) by day. By night, they strip off their wrinkled skin and put it in a mortar. In the form of a fireball, they fly across the dark sky in search of a victim. The Soucouyants can enter the home of their victim through any sized hole such as cracks and keyholes. Soucouyants suck humans’ blood from their arms, necks, legs and other soft regions while the victim sleeps, leaving black and blue marks on the body in the morning. The soucouyant practices black magic. Soucouyants trade their victims’ blood for evil powers with Bazil, the demon who resides in the silk cotton tree.

Read More: Soucouyant: The Skin-Shedding Vampire of the Caribbean

In some versions of the myth, she is cursed because of her own cruelty in life. What remains constant is that she loses her human appearance at night and becomes something that moves through the shadows, hunting under the cover of darkness.

A Skin Hanging from the Kapok Tree

By day, the Loogaroo appears as a normal woman, often described as an elderly or mysterious figure who lives on the fringes of society. At sunset the loogaroo slips out of her human skin and hangs it on a tree, in some sources specified as a silk cotton tree called the Devil Tree. 

The Silk Cotton Tree: This tree, also called Kapok Tree is one of the most feared trees in the West Indies, and thought to attract spirits and supernatural spirits. According to the folklore of Trinidad and Tobago, the Castle of the Devil is a huge C. pentandra growing deep in the forest in which Bazil, the demon of death, was imprisoned by a carpenter. Still to this day, there are problems every time someone wants to cut down these trees, because people fear what resides inside of the trees. One occurrence being when they constructed the East Coast Highway in Guyana some years ago. 

Many storytellers describe her as a floating ball of light, similar to the will-o’-the-wisp and corpse candle, or as an amorphous shape that enters houses through cracks and crevices. In some tales she retains partial human features. In others she becomes indistinct, a dark mass of movement that evades clear sight.

She is said to enter homes at night, especially where doors or windows are left open, and suck the vital force of sleepers. Some accounts claim she is biting the victim’s shoulder or neck or draws life through an unseen touch or presence. Unlike the classical vampire biting for blood, the loogaroo’s feeding is described more as an unseen siphoning of energy or breath. In some versions of the myth, the Loogaroo’s bloodlust is insatiable, and she is compelled to collect blood for the devil in exchange for her powers.

The Loogaroo is said to roam the night in search of blood, which she needs to sustain her powers. She typically preys on vulnerable people, especially children and the sick. The victims are often found weakened, ill, or pale in the morning. Some die without medical explanation. 

Protection and Ritual to Keep the Loogaroo at Bay

In cultures that believe in the loogaroo, specific practices developed to protect the community. One common method is to sprinkle grains of rice or sand around the house or on the ground outside as The Loogaroo is compelled to stop and count each grain, often losing track of time and being caught by the dawn before she can finish and she has to go back to her skin without feeding. 

Another method involves finding the Loogaroo’s skin while she is out hunting. If someone discovers her hidden skin, they can sprinkle salt or pepper on it. When the Loogaroo returns to her skin at dawn, the irritation from the salt or pepper will prevent her from re-entering it, thus weakening or even killing her.

The loogaroo is particularly obnoxious to dogs, and any person at whom apparently without cause dogs will bark furiously, or even endeavour to attack, is accounted infected with the vampire taint. It is supposed that the loogaroo will frequently molest animals of all kinds, and indeed in Trinidad and especially on the Spanish Main the horses suffer greatly from the attacks of large vampire bats. It is necessary that all the windows and ventilation holes of the stables and cattle pens should be firmly secured by wire netting to prevent the entrance of the bats, which are greatly able to harm any animal in whose flesh they manage to fasten their teeth.”

Regional Variations of the Vampiric Shapeshifting Witch

This creature has many regional variations that are so similar, they seem the same, or so different it seems like a different entity entirely. 

In Haiti, it is known as the lougawou and in the Dominican Republic it is known as the Lugarú, also known as the Galipote or Zángano. Here they are a mythical shapeshifter that is able to take the form of not just various animals, but also inanimate objects like trees or stones. It has incredible strength and is immune to bullets.  Like other versions of the legend, the Lugarú was also rumoured to be immortal, and maintained this state by prowling the night to drink the blood of children.

The Lagahoo and Rougarou: The Rougarou is a legendary creature in Cajun and Creole diaspora and a trickster in oral traditions in Métis and Francophone communities like a werewolf. In Trinidad and Tobago, a similar creature called “Lagahoo” or “La Gahoo” is more like a bloodsucking, shapeshifting sorcerer. At night, he is described as taking the appearance of a man with a coffin on his neck instead of a head, atop which are three lit candles. He carries a chain around his waist, which trails behind him, and commonly feeds on livestock. Sometimes, he is so tall his head disappears among the trees. To defeat him, he must be repeatedly struck with a stick doused in holy water and holy oils for nine days. He will then rapidly switch forms, from a savage dog, an angry bull, and stormy waves, before finally turning to mist. // Image: praline3001/Flickr

In Mauritian folklore, the Lougarou is a notorious figure mostly used to scare children, appearing during the full moon. Following Cyclone Hollanda in 1994, a form of Lougarou, known as Touni Minwi, was believed to visit women in their homes at night. This led to hysteria among the local population; many witnesses would affirm having seen frightful manifestations at night time, including apparitions of Lougarou. The Touni Minwi phenomenon led to a large mobilization of people in the capital, Port Louis, and in the village of Lallmatie.

Legacy of the Night Spirit

In modern Caribbean culture, belief in the loogaroo has faded in many urban areas, but the legend survives in rural storytelling, literature, and popular media. It even travelled back to Europe, where places with a bigger Caribbean diaspora such as Shepherd’s Bush in London had stories of the Loogaroo lurking in the dark.

Her ghost remains alive in the story, in fear, and in the quiet hours before dawn with her skin hanging from the Devil Tree. 

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References:

Loogaroo – Wikipedia 

Loogaroo – Monstropedia

Beware The Mystical Silk Cotton Tree: Haunted Caribbean 

Ceiba pentandra – Wikipedia

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Theresia Kaiser The Last Witch of Munich

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Known as the last witch of Munich, Theresia Kaiser was condemned to death in 1701. Still, her legend and what happened to her accuser bears a haunted mystery of what really happened to this young teenager at trial. 

The last woman accused of witchcraft and sorcery in Munich was Maria Theresia Kaiser, the daughter of a sergeant, born in Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, and only 17 years old. She was executed and burned in 1701. There is a case report about another one in 1721, but this has not been proven. Therefore, Theresia Kaise was known as the last woman accused, tried and executed for witchcraft in Munich. 

Read More: Check out all ghostly legends from Germany

Where Falkenturmstrasse meets Maximilianstrasse, the Falkenturm (Falcon Tower) once stood. Also known as the “Witches’ Tower,” it served as a prison from the 16th century until its demolition in 1863. This is where she was imprisoned and is also rumoured to haunt. 

Falkenturm, wall tower of the outer city wall of Munich from 1840.

Theresia Kaiser is Imprisoned

Where today there are plenty of luxury clothing stores, the shadows of the Falcon Tower once loomed, opposite the National Theatre. There is still the street Falkenturmstraße named after it. A lot of prisoners came and left in this tower, and witches were supposedly imprisoned and tortured here as well. . 

One of the last victims of the witch hunt in Munich was Theresia Kaiser, a 17 year old girl. Her being accused of being a witch are said to have come after a high ranking court official is said to have denounced her when she was working as a maid of the Electorate. She was apparently rejecting his advances and he called her a devilish woman. 

The Witch Tower: Witch tower or Witches’ Tower (German: Hexenturm) is a common name or description in English and other European languages for a tower that was part of a medieval town wall or castle, often used as a prison or dungeon. The name is derived from the period of witch trials. Many of these towers were used to incarcerate those suspected or found guilty of witchcraft.

There were actually two towers by the second city wall they stood on. The falcon tower between Alter Hof and Neuveste, in which falconry equipment was temporarily stored and which later served as a prison. The witch tower was a neighboring tower of the Falcon Tower, which was also used as a prison.

According to her testimony she gave after torture, she was initiated into the secrets of magic by her cousin, Elisabeth, when she was just eleven, and taken by her to the witches’ sabbath on St. Thomas’ Night, a catholic feast day July 3rd. 

The Devil’s Ball

At this infernal ball, according to her account, entire cavalry units of soldiers and many lords and ladies appeared. A handsome cavalier with a large powdered wig approached her and asked her if she would renounce God. Several times she answered: no, But her cousin persisted, so that finally, after repeated questioning, she agreed.

The cavalier produced a large book and ordered her to write her name and age in it with her own blood. With a knife offered to her, she cut her left hand and signed it with her blood. Then there was dancing and people were naked. This gentleman then gave her a thaler, a gold silver coin, and then several more; but when she later wanted to examine them again, she found nothing but leather scraps in her hand. 

The devil had also tempted her to steal and taught her how to open locks with a knife or scissors. Supposedly, she stole thirteen times. The devil had also taught her to poison the Elector’s court chamberlain, Neufinger, and his wife, with whom she served in Munich. But because their children took pity on her, she did not do it, for which the devil tormented and beat her. 

In prison itself, the devil often urged her to murder herself so as not to fall into the hands of the executioner. The devil didn’t tolerate consecrated items on her, and in particular she had to take off her scapular, a Western Christian garment suspended from the shoulders. She was also said to have to remove her Monica belts, something coming from the tale of St. Monica, and it is said she would protect anyone wearing it. 

According to her testimony, she also had committed fornication with the devil several times. She was tried and condemned to death. Apparently required treatment by a competent doctor while in prison before she was executed. 

Her execution happened by the sword in Munich on September 17, 1701, and then her body was burned. 

The Legend of the Ghost of Theresia Kaiser

Even stranger than the testimony she had to give after torture, are the legends of what happened after. On the night before her execution, the devil, in the form of a bat, is said to have flown to her in her dungeon according to her guards. The next morning, she was found unconscious and naked on the floor, without her shirt. Her accuser was found hanged, or in some versions strangled in his house that same day. For reasons unknown, he was wearing the prisoner’s shirt.

The Falcon Tower: At the rear of what is now Maximilianstrasse 8 and its extension, the Witch Tower at the rear of what is now Maximilianstrasse 6, served as a prison from 1500 to 1826. Photo : Theresa Auer, Faculty of Tourism – Munich University of Applied Sciences – Digital Marketing & Management// Source

Today, a bus station at Hackerbrücke stands, where so many accused of witchcraft were once tied to a vertical tree trunk before being burned alive. At the spot where the Witches’ Tower once stood, Theresia can supposedly still be seen today: a translucent female figure, barefoot, with long hair. She covers her face with her hands and stands motionless. Then she vanishes back into nothingness.

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References:

Sagen & Geschichten – Eintrag bearbeiten

https://m.bild.de/regional/muenchen/muenchen-aktuell/muenchen-das-sind-die-gruseligsten-orte-der-stadt-62044822.bildMobile.html?t_ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

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Krasue: The Floating Head of Southeast Asian Nightmares

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Floating in the air in rural parts of Thailand and the rest of Southeast Asia, the disembodied ghost of the Krasue is hunting for blood. 

Across Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and parts of Malaysia, villagers share a haunting vision that lives in whispered folklore. They speak of Krasue, a spirit unlike ghosts tied to graveyards or old houses. Krasue is a night creature that floats, haunting fields, villages, and the spaces between human life and the unseen world. In tradition she is known as a flying female ghost whose existence is bound to hunger, loss, and a body untethered from death.

Read More: Check out more ghostly tales from Thailand

While exact details differ by region, the core of the legend remains consistent: Krasue is a detached head with its internal organs trailing below like shimmering tendrils. She moves by night, drawn to life, to blood, and to the living body.

An Unquiet Spirit of Loss

Origins of Krasue vary in telling. In some versions she was once a human woman who died a violent or untimely death. In others she was cursed, punished, or transformed because of forbidden knowledge or unclean acts. After she dies, her sins cause her to be reborn as a phut (Thai: ภูต) that has to live off wasted, uncooked or rotten food.

There are others claiming that this spirit was formerly a rich woman, who had a length of black gauze or ribbon tied around the head and neck as protection from the sunlight. This woman was possessed by an evil spirit and cursed to become a Krasue.

Perhaps most popular is the origin story of the Krasue, a woman dabbling in black magic. While casting a spell, she made a mistake or used the wrong spell, causing her head and body to separate. These witches and witchcraft are also called “Mae Mot” (แม่มด) or “Yai Mot” (ยายมด). If not the witch turned into a Krasue herself, her daughters or granddaughters could, like an ancestral curse.

Usually, her upper part is described as a young and beautiful woman, at least in visual media. She has also been described as an older woman. Her head glows faintly in the dark, often compared to a flickering lamp or a will-o’-the-wisp, floating in the air.  

Below the head hang her organs, trailing down from the neck. In contemporary representations her teeth often include pointed fangs in yakkha (Thai: ยักษ์) or vampire fashion. This as well as the belief she is hunting blood, has made people see her as a vampire-like creature as well as a restless spirit. 

A Predator of Night and Flesh

Krasue is not content to wander silently. She hunts. In the day she looks like any other person, perhaps a bit tired. But at night she sheds her lower par of her body at home or somewhere else to seek substance. Every night she floats through the forest looking for food. Most often this consists of rotting meat or the blood of living animals. 

But although her victims are often livestock, she loves the blood of humans as well. Especially children, and sleeping villagers whose breath and warmth draw her closer. 

In some regions she feeds by licking blood from wounds or drinking from open water. There is a legend that says that the people who are wounded should be aware of the Krasue because it can smell the blood and will come to eat the blood at night when people fall asleep. Thai people also believe that it’s a bad idea to leave your clothes hanging outside overnight because the Krasue might just come by and wipe the feces and blood from her mouth on them. 

Her lust for blood of children has especially struck a cord in the collective fear against the Krasue. This makes many in the olden days fear when someone is giving birth, as they believe a Krasue will be able to smell it and come devour on fresh placenta and newborns.

Protection Against the Night

The Krasue is, as mentioned, mostly spotted in rural areas, especially in marshy places. According to Thai ethnographer Phraya Anuman Rajadhon, the Krasue is accompanied by a will-o’-the-wisp-like luminescent glow. The explanations attempted about the origin of the glow include the presence of methane in marshy areas. The Krasue is often said to live in the same rural areas as Krahang, a male spirit of Thai folklore and these two spirits are often mentioned or represented together.

The Krahang: The Krahang (กระหัง) manifests itself as a shirtless man, wearing a traditional loincloth, who flies in the night. Krahang uses two large kradong (กระด้ง), round rice winnowing baskets to fly in the It also often rides a sak tam khao (สากตำข้าว), the long wooden pestle of a traditional manual rice pounder. Legends of the Thai oral tradition say that this is an evil spirit that may harm people walking at night in out of the way areas.

Because belief in Krasue was strong, so were the protective practices to keep her out of the house. House-owners usually build spiky fences or grow spiky bamboo to protect themselves from the Krasue. The Krasue is scared of spiky things because it fears its intestines will get stuck and it will not be able to escape.

If the top part of the body fails to find the lower half before daybreak it will die in terrible pain. The Krasue will also die if its intestines get cut off or if its body disappears or gets hidden by someone and exposed by the sun. Some folk beliefs hold that the creature can be destroyed by burning it. 

But can you destroy her completely? Some say the danger of her transforming someone into one of her own is high. It is said that if a human consumes food that is stained with the blood or saliva of a Krasue, they will be doomed to become one. In some versions she also shares her saliva when she is at the brink of death to move host bodies. 

The Southeast Asian Fear and Krasue in Modern Imagination

In modern interpretation, the Krasue has been morphed into a Khmer princess. One story tells about a Khmer princess many years ago who was in love with a man from a lower status even though she had been set to marry a Siamese nobleman. Eventually, he found out about this and sent her to be executed by burning at the stake. The night before the execution, the Khmer princess got in touch with a powerful witch and placed a spell over her to protect herself from the flames. Unfortunately, the affect arrived too late and only her head, neck, and her internal organs remained intact while the fire charred her body.

As mentioned, the Krasue is not only told in one place, but across many southeast asian countries and cultures. There are many variations to the legend, but one common denominator to it is the floating head and torso with her organs hanging down. 

The Name of the Monster: Krasue กระสือ (Thai), អាប Ahp (Khmer, Penanggal or Palasik (Malay), Kuyang ກະສື (Lao), Kui’yang, Leyak or Pok-Pok (Indonesian), Ma lai (Vietnamese). 

There have been written records of this lore since the Ayutthaya period (around 14th – 18th century), but even today she is grabbing headlines of people claiming to have seen her, causing panic and fear, and also a bit of intrigue. Often, women acting strangely in a community are suspected of becoming a Krasue at night by other members of the village. Many sightings are still being reported each year in rural areas with people blaming Kra Sue activity for mysterious livestock deaths and villages have set up night patrol squads after a reported Krasue sighting in the last few years.

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References:

Krasue – Wikipedia

The Tale of Phi Krasue and Her Floating Head – Spooky Stories From Thailand

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Teresa Prieto The Witch of Jove and Spain’s First Vampire Case

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Teresa Prieto, known as the Witch of Jove, has captivated the imaginations of many through the centuries as the first recorded case of a vampire in Spain that reached the court. What was she? A witch? A vampire? Or was she one of many innocent women accused of something supernatural.

Long before the vampire became a figure of Gothic fiction, the fear of blood drinking witches already haunted the villages of medieval Spain. One of the earliest recorded cases emerged in the late fifteenth century in the coastal settlements around Gijón in Asturias. There, a woman named Teresa Prieto became the center of one of the strangest accusations in Spanish history. To her neighbors she was not simply a witch. She was believed to be a creature that slipped into homes at night and drank the blood of children.

Read More: Check out all ghostly stories and legends from Spain

The case of Teresa Prieto, later known as “the Witch of Jove” or “the Vampire of Xove,” sits at the crossroads between folklore and historical reality. It reveals how medieval fears of night demons, witchcraft, and vampirism could merge into a single terrifying accusation.

Gijón City: It is the largest city and municipality by population in the autonomous community of Asturias. This is also where the first recorded vampire court case in Spain happened.

Night Visitor of the Village

In the late 1400s the area of Jove, today called Xove, was not the modern district of Gijón known today. It consisted of small scattered villages connected by narrow paths and surrounded by forests and fields. Oral traditions and superstition shaped daily life. Local healers lived on the margins of society, gathering herbs from the woods to make remedies and potions.

The Asturian Guaxa: The Guaxa is said to be an old and thin woman-like entity, ugly and covered in warts. She is said to have a single sharp tooth she stalks her prey with. She sneaks into people’s homes in the middle of the night and feeds on them with her one sharp tooth. Children are preferred, but also young women and handsome men are in danger. She doesn’t kill them at once, nor does she transform her victims to one of her own. She slowly kills them, draining their life, bit by bit. In Asturia, people can say “It looks like the Guaxa has swallowed you,” when people have lost a lot of weight, as the Guaxa slowly over time drained people’s lives. Although this is a very Asturian legend, the case of Teresa Prieto was called a Strix or Estrige.

Within this environment strange rumors began to circulate.

Parents claimed that something entered their homes during the night. The intruder moved silently while families slept and approached the beds of children. When morning came, some children were found dead. According to the stories told by villagers, the bodies bore two small marks on the neck, signs that their blood had been sucked during the night.

Fear quickly turned toward a human suspect. The villagers accused Teresa Prieto.

The Shadow of the Strix

The accusations against Prieto did not arise in isolation. At the end of the fifteenth century European folklore still carried strong beliefs in striges or strigias, monstrous female beings said to prey on infants. These creatures were described as winged women with the claws and beaks of birds of prey who drank the blood of children to use in magical brews.

Such beliefs had deep roots in classical mythology and medieval superstition. The Roman strix and the Greek lamia were both imagined as female night predators who attacked infants. In medieval Europe these creatures slowly merged with the idea of witches. A woman accused of sorcery could easily be accused of vampiric acts as well.

The Strix: The strix (plural striges or strixes), in the mythology of classical antiquity, was a bird of ill omen, the product of metamorphosis, that fed on human flesh and blood. It also referred to witches and related malevolent folkloric beings. The strix is described as a large-headed bird with transfixed eyes, rapacious beak, greyish white wings. In Romanian, strigăt means “scream” and strigoaică is the name of the Romanian feminine vampire while strigoi is the Romanian male vampire. Albanian folklore tells of the shtriga, and Slavic of the strzyga/stryha.

In the isolated communities of Asturias, the old legends were still alive. When children died unexpectedly, the ancient explanation returned. A blood drinking witch must be responsible.

Accusation and Trial

Around 1480, Teresa Prieto was formally denounced by her neighbors. She was accused of being a striga, a night witch who entered homes and drained the blood of children. The case reached the attention of the Spanish Inquisition, which opened proceedings against her.

The accusations described her as a woman who wandered through villages at night and entered houses secretly, harming Christians and sucking blood from children. In essence, the first documented case of vampirism in Spain, although the lore behind the blood sucking entity looked a little bit different than the modern version. 

She was turned in to Juan de Acebal, at the time a prosecutor and litigant who would lead the first Asturian case in the renewed Tribunal of the Inquisition, which had just been re-established in the kingdom of Castile, precisely on All Souls’ Day in 1478.

Prieto was arrested and subjected to interrogation and torture. She was bound hand and foot, twisting and turning on her back, and she was forced to drink liters of water continuously for at least an hour. Despite the ordeal she maintained her innocence and never confessed to the crimes attributed to her.

Torture: Water cure was among the forms of torture used by the Spanish Inquisition. Before pouring the water, torturers often inserted an iron prong (known as the bostezo) into a victim’s mouth to keep it open, as well as a strip of linen (known as the toca) on which the victim would choke and suffocate while swallowing the water.

The tribunal or the Bachelor Brecianos, eventually condemned her to death by hanging. There, it was ordered that she be taken “on horseback, riding a donkey, her hands and feet bound with an esparto rope around her neck,” publicly and shamefully before the townspeople, to the stone gallows where the witch or sorceress of Gijón would be hanged and her flesh burned to ashes.

Yet the case did not end in the way many witch trials did.

Escape From the Gallows

Before the sentence was carried out, Teresa Prieto appealed the verdict. As she stated in her protest, when she was arrested she was not informed of the charges or anything else; she had not been told who had denounced her; the accuser turned out to be the only witness and, aside from contradicting himself, was a personal enemy of hers, which should legally disqualify his testimony; furthermore, she had not been provided with the required legal representation, and the lieutenant corregidor had acted against her unjustly and contrary to the laws of the kingdom. She also emphasized that she had been subjected to torture without cause or reason and was summoned repeatedly without any new evidence or proof appearing. To conclude her plea, she stressed that by appearing before the court she demonstrated her good faith and should be able to atone for any possible crime.

The Court Case Files: (PARES, Portal de Archivos Españoles)

The appeal succeeded. Instead of execution she was imprisoned while the case continued. Her conduct during the proceedings appears to have influenced the authorities, and eventually the sentence was overturned.

In November of 1500 she was released from prison and allowed to return to Asturias as a free woman. Neither party was ordered to pay costs, but Teresa requested a written copy of the sentence and the return of the property and assets that had been confiscated from her.

In the end the supposed vampire of Jove was never proven to be anything more than a victim of fear and rumor.

The Birth of a Spanish Vampire Legend

Even though Teresa Prieto survived the trial, her reputation never disappeared. Folklore continued to describe her as a vampire witch who crept into houses at night to feed on children. Later historians and folklorists such as Julio Caro Baroja and Juan Uría Ríu recorded the story as one of the earliest examples of vampiric belief in Spain.

The witch of Jove belongs to a darker chapter of European folklore. She stands at the boundary between legend and historical record. A woman once accused of slipping through the night to drink the blood of children. A case where ancient fears of witches, demons, and vampires converged in the life of a single unfortunate person.

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References:

Mito y realidad de Teresa Prieto, la bruja de Jove

Un zumbido mortal. Theresa Prieto, la vampira de Jove | El Comercio: Diario de Asturias

https://citaclio.blogspot.com/2022/11/teresa-prieto-la-asturiana-condenada.html

Strix (mythology) – Wikipedia

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Darkey Kelly: The Green Lady of the Liberties

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Was she a Witch or Serial Killer with connection to the Hellfire Club that her legends paint her to be? What was the true story behind Darkey Kelley, said to haunt Dublin as the Green Lady of the Liberties.

In the twisting lanes of Dublin’s Liberties, there is a tale whispered even now on misty nights. At the bottom of the 40 steps leading to St. Audoen’s Church, an apparition sometimes appears of a woman shrouded in green light, her form wreathed in fog. She drifts silently before vanishing into the old stone wall as if swallowed by time itself. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Ireland

Locals call her The Green Lady. Many believe she is the restless spirit of one of Dublin’s most infamous figures: Darkey Kelly.

The Life and Death of Darkey Kelly

Dorcas “Darkey” Kelly lived in 18th-century Dublin, an innkeeper and madam who ran the Maiden Tower brothel near Fishamble Street. A pub on Fishamble Street, near where her brothel once stood, is named Darkey Kelly’s.

The tavern was said to attract the city’s most powerful men, including members of the notorious Hellfire Club, a society of Dublin’s elite who indulged in blasphemy, debauchery, and whispers of occult rituals. Among her patrons was Simon Luttrell, the Sheriff of Dublin and a reputed Hellfire Club member who had the nickname “King of Hell”.

According to legend, Darkey and Luttrell were once close, perhaps even lovers, until a bitter feud erupted between them. Some stories claim she accused Luttrell of fathering her child, a scandal that threatened his reputation. Others say she discovered something dark about the club’s rituals — something she was never meant to know. Whatever the truth, Luttrell turned on her, accusing her of witchcraft and infanticide.

In 1760, Darkey Kelly was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death of killing the shoemaker John Dowling by partial hanging and burning at the stake at Gallows Road, now called Baggot Street. She was publicly burned at the stake on St. Stephen’s Green on January 7th. 

An account described her execution like this:

She was placed on a stool something more than two feet high, and, a chain being placed under her arms, the rope around her neck was made fast to two spikes, which, being driven through a post against which she stood, when her devotions were ended, the stool was taken from under her, and she was soon strangled. When she had hung about fifteen minutes, the rope was burnt, and she sunk till the chain supported her, forcing her hands up to a level with her face, and the flame being furious, she was soon consumed. ~ Edward Cave, 1773

Legends After her Death

After her death, her prostitute friends collected, or rather stole her remains, and held a wake for her on Copper Alley, however, the 13 women were arrested for disorder and sent to Newgate Prison for it. 

Newgate Prison

There were many legends and stories about her burning. For posterity, people believed that she was in fact burned at the stake as a witch, not on a murder charge. Witnesses said she screamed curses as the flames rose, vowing vengeance on those who condemned her. 

Another legend was that she became pregnant with the child of Dublin’s Sheriff Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton, a member of the Hellfire Club and probable client of Kelly’s Maiden Tower. She demanded financial support from him. He responded by accusing her of witchcraft and of having killed their baby in a Satanic ritual. The body was never found. Darkey was then burnt at the stake.

A 1788 account in the World newspaper claims that her brothel was investigated by the authorities and that investigators then found the corpses of five men hidden in the vaults. One of them was thought to be Surgeon Tuckey’s son, who went missing and had never been found.

However, this does not appear in any contemporary account of her trial and execution and appears to be a later embellishment. So how accurate this investigation was, is rather dubious.

The Hellfire Connection

Darkey Kelly’s ties to the Hellfire Club deepen her legend and has perhaps even overshadowed it. The infamous group met in the Dublin Mountains at Montpelier Hill, a site already steeped in dark lore. It is said that Darkey supplied women for the club’s meetings, unaware of the darker rituals that took place there. Some tales even claim she witnessed a summoning gone wrong like that she saw the Devil himself.

Read the whole story about the Hellfire Club in Dublin: The Hellfire Club on Montpelier Hill and The Killakee Dower House in Dublin and the haunted mysteries connected to the club.

Whether she was a victim of vengeance, a scapegoat for the sins of powerful men, or something more sinister, the truth remains shrouded in shadow. The Hellfire Club’s reputation for corruption and cruelty only strengthens the belief that Darkey Kelly’s fate was one of betrayal and injustice.

Montpelier Hill: Here from the hunting lodge at Montpelier Hill in Dublin, where the Hellfire Club had meetings and many of the stories of dark rituals and the likes comes from. //Source: Joe King/Wikimedia

Was the father of her alleged child one of the members of the Hellfire Club? Darkey had contested a trial on the grounds that she was pregnant. After it was found that she was not with child by a jury of midwives, she was sentenced in January 1761. Had she even been pregnant? Perhaps the two parts of Dublin’s darker history have merged because of the mysterious and dark aspects?

The Haunting of the 40 Steps

Centuries later, her ghost is said to linger near St. Audoen’s Church, close to where she once lived. Those who have seen her describe a woman in tattered skirts glowing faintly green, her face both sorrowful and fierce. She appears at the bottom of the ancient stone steps, drifting upward before fading into the wall itself.

She is also said to have been seen walking down Fishamble Street towards Copper Alley. 

For some, she is a tragic spirit  who was wronged, burned, and forgotten as a human where another legendary figure took her place. The additional torture for her execution were certainly not something a man would go through for the same crime as he would only be hanged until death. For others, she is a reminder of the cruelty that hides behind respectability and power. Either way, her story lives on, whispered through the cobbled streets of the Liberties.

When the fog thickens and the church bells toll midnight, take care walking near the 40 steps. The Green Lady might be waiting there, her eyes glowing faintly in the dark, keeping watch over the city that condemned her.

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References:

Darkey Kelly – Wikipedia

Dublin’s most-haunted – the city’s five most famous ghost stories | Irish Independent

Darkey Kelly: Witch, Killer or Ghost? | Fringe Rebels

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The Witchcraft Haunting Dub Pukur on the Night of Bhoot Chaturdashi

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Every 25th year on the night of Bhoot Chaturdashi, it is said that the ghost haunting the water of Dub Pukur comes back from beyond. You can hear wailing screams from the ghost thought to be a witch over the dark water. 

Hidden amidst the modern buildings of Haldia Township lies a seemingly innocuous pond known as Dub Pukur (ডুব পুকুর). Beneath its calm surface lurks a sinister secret—a tale of witchcraft, murder, and restless spirits that continues to instill fear among the local people to this day.

Read more: Check out all of the ghost stories from India

Haldia is today an industrial port city in West Bengal by Haldi River, coming from Ganges. The surrounding area of the Zamindari used to be ruled by the Mahishadal Raj family and it is in connection to these royals, the ghost story comes from. 

The Haunted Pond: Nabaratna Gopaljiu temple inside Mahishadal Rajbari complex at Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal. Is this the haunted Dub Pukur? //Photo by: Amitabha Gupta/wikimedia

The Midwife Witch Haunting Dub Pukur

Legend has it that in the early 18th century, during the peak of the reign of the Royals of Mahishadal Rajbari, a midwife accused of witchcraft and child-devouring faced a grim fate at the hands of a vengeful mob. 

The details of this story are sparse, and there is not a lot to go on to dig deeper into the legend of when it started to be told. Some of the few sources claim that the midwife was attacked by witches and they were the one that devoured the child when the Queen gave birth. 

Daayans, or witches in Indian folklore are often thought to be a sort of succubi with vampiric traits as they often are said to feed on their victims for power. And as in the rest of the world, old or widowed women were often the subjects of witch hunts. As well as women in certain professions like being a midwife that are often accused of being witches. 

In any case, the midwife was blamed and a mob formed. Tied and dragged far from Mahishadal into the depths of the forest along the banks of the Haldi River, she met her untimely end in the murky waters of Dub Pukur on a moonless night.

Dayan Hunts in Modern Day India: Although a creature from folklore, witch hunts still have deadly outcomes in India: “According to the National Crime Bureau records, as many as 1,157 women were branded as witch and killed in Jharkhand between 1991 and 2010. Here pictured in the Star Plus show, Nazar played by Monalisa aka Antara Biswas,

The Bhoot Chaturdashi Haunting

Since that fateful night, Dub Pukur has become a place of dread and superstition, shrouded in eerie tales of paranormal activity. Every 25 years, on the night of Bhoot Chaturdashi, the 14th day of Krishna Paksha, locals report hearing a blood-curdling scream emanating from the depths of the pond—a chilling reminder of the midwife’s tragic demise.

In West Bengal It is believed on the eve of this dark night, the souls of the deceased come down to earth to visit their dear ones. On this night they are also performing rituals to chase away the evil spirits.

But the horror does not end there. In the morning light of Diwali, the Festival of Lights, the lifeless body of a missing person is often discovered floating ominously in the murky waters of Dub Pukur—a grim testament to the vengeful spirit that still haunts its depths.

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References:

Naraka Chaturdashi – Wikipedia 

Dayan (witch) – Wikipedia 

ভূত আদতে কল্পনা না কি বাস্তব জানতে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের এই সাতটি ভৌতিক স্থান একবার ঘুরে আসতে পারেন… – Tripoto 

List of reportedly haunted locations in India – Wikipedia