Tag Archives: irish mythology

The Banshee: Ireland’s Wailing Spirit of Death

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Perhaps one of the most well known figures from Irish mythology is the Banshee, the omen of death, wailing as death comes to a house. But where does she come from? And what does she want from the dead?

Among the most enduring and chilling figures of Irish folklore is the Banshee, the spectral woman whose mournful cry foretells death. Her wail, or caoineadh, drifts through the night like a sorrowful song, a sound that has haunted Irish families for centuries. 

Read More: Check out all ghost stories from Ireland

To hear the Banshee’s cry is to know that death is near, and her presence serves as both warning and lament for the soul soon to depart.

The Irish Banshee: Here pictured the Bunworth Banshee, Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland by Thomas Crofton Croker, published 1834.

The Banshee of the Fairy Mound

As with many Irish legends, it has deep connections to the Fairies and the Otherworld. Along the Irish countryside, there are grassy hills or tumuli known as síde that the fairy folk, Tuatha Dé Danann were driven underground to. The banshee or bean sídhe means woman of the sídhe.

The Banshee Appears by R. Prowse 1862 sep, 1

In some later English-language texts, the word sídhe is incorrectly used both for the mounds and the people of the mounds. However, sidh in older texts refers specifically to “the palaces, courts, halls or residences” of the otherworldly beings that supposedly inhabit them.

The Banshee is most often described as a woman with long, flowing hair, sometimes silver as moonlight, sometimes fiery red or jet black. She is said to appear wearing a grey or white cloak over a green dress, her eyes red from endless weeping. 

In some tales she combs her hair with a silver comb, a symbol of her connection to the spirit world and her most prized possession. This is perhaps also why so many who claim to have encountered her say she asks for a comb.

Though she can appear young and beautiful, she can also take the form of a shriveled old woman or a stately matron, her face twisted with grief and sorrow.

The Celtic Goddess of War and Death: Her appearance seems to represent the triple aspects of the Celtic goddess of war and death, namely Badhbh, Macha and Mor-Rioghain. The Morrígan is often described as a trio of individuals, all sisters, called “the three Morrígna”. Image: Macha Curses the Men of Ulster from 1904.

She may also appear as a washer-woman, and is seen apparently washing the blood stained clothes of those who are about to die. In this guise she is known as the bean-nighe (washing woman), although this version is perhaps more known in Scotland.

Brigid Goddess of Fertility: Another goddess connected to the Banshee is Brigid. Her son died in battle, and the goddess broke out in a nasally and high-pitched singing style known as keening. This became a mourning practice. Image: The Coming of Bride (1917) by John Duncan.

The Wailing Woman

Her keening cry is unlike any sound of this world. It is said to begin softly, almost like the wind through the trees, then rise into a piercing wail that can shatter the stillness of the night. 

The scream differs from region to region. in Kerry are said to be pleasant songs, but at Rathlin Island off the shore of Northern Ireland, the banshee’s song is a thin screech almost like that of an owl. And in Leinster, in the Southeast, the wail of a banshee is said to be so piercing it can shatter glass.

Henry Meynell Rheam: La Belle Dame Sans Merci English: The Banshee (1901)

Mourning the death of one of their kin with her piercing “caoine” or keening. This mysterious creature  resembles traditional Irish keeners or mourners of old. Even today, some claim that her cry echoes near homes or graveyards just before tragedy strikes.

Keening Women and the Irish Mourning Song: The Aran Fisherman’s Drowned Child (1841)

Those who hear it know that someone close to them will soon die, for the Banshee’s lament is not random but personal as it’s not every dying person that the Banshee is said to keen for. Traditionally, she was said to follow Ireland’s ancient noble families, or families of the “high Milesian race”. 

The Banshee Haunting the Ancient Families

According to tradition, some families had their own banshee, with the Ua Briain banshee, named Aibell or Aoibheall, being the ruler of 25 other banshees who would always be at her attendance. The banshee of the O’Donnel family was said to live on a rock overlooking the sea and the banshee following the O’Neill family was called Maveen. She was said to have her own room in the family castle. 

The Milesians: The sons of Mil represent the Irish people and are seen as the final race to settle in Ireland according to Christian medieval history, although scholars today think this is just a story. They are Gaels who sail to Ireland from Iberia (Hispania) after spending hundreds of years travelling the Earth. Most, but not all, surnames associated with banshees have the Ó or Mc/Mac prefix that is of Goidelic origin.

Those gifted with music and song could also be lamented by a banshee. 

A Spirit of Sorrow, Not Malice

Despite her terrifying reputation, the Banshee is not a malevolent spirit. She does not bring death; she merely announces it. Her cry is an expression of grief, a sorrowful duty to forewarn the living. In some legends, she appears as a loving guardian, mourning for her family’s loss from beyond the grave. In others, she is one of several ancestral spirits, each tied to an old Irish lineage. 

More modern stories, though, also claim that she can be seen travelling together with the death coach and the headless horseman that are out to collect people’s souls. Sometimes she was also not described as a fairy at all, but a ghost of a woman murdered or a mother who died in childbirth. 

Read also. The Death Coach: Ireland’s Omen of Doom Racing Through the Night 

The Banshee’s lament may be terrifying, but it comes from compassion rather than cruelty. Perhaps strange, as much of her origin stories are about her being the old goddesses that were driven down underground by the same families she laments for. 

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The Legend of Ireland’s Vampire King Abhartach and the Haunted Giant’s Grave

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In the rural areas of Derry, Northern Ireland, there is a small dolmen grave under a hawthorn tree. It is said to be the grave of the vampire king, Abhartach who is said to still be lusting after blood. 

Ireland’s ancient hills and mossy graveyards are no strangers to ghost stories and restless spirits. Yet among these tales of banshees and fairies lies one of the island’s oldest, darkest legends — the story of Abhartach, a tyrant chieftain whose insatiable thirst for blood refused to end, even in death. 

Thought by some folklorists to be Ireland’s original vampire myth, Abhartach’s grim story predates Bram Stoker’s Dracula, and may well have been its inspiration.

The Tyrant of Slaghtaverty

According to legend, Abhartach was a cruel and malevolent chieftain who ruled in what is now Slaghtaverty in the parish of Errigal in Derry, Northern Ireland. Although he is remembered as a vampire, the name and description of him is much closer to a dwarf. As the name suggests, he might have been remembered for his height. 

Irish Hero: In some accounts Abhartach is combined with the similarly named Abartach, a figure associated with Fionn mac Cumhaill and pre-christian irish mythology. Fionn mac Cumhaill,[a] often anglicised Finn McCool or MacCool, is a hero in Irish mythology, as well as in later Scottish and Manx folklore. He is the leader of the Fianna bands of young roving hunter-warriors, as well as being a seer and poet. He is said to have a magic thumb that bestows him with great wisdom. He is often depicted hunting with his hounds Bran and Sceólang, and fighting with his spear and sword. In modern retellings it is said the hero was called Cathán or O’Kane.

He is said to have lived in the 5th or 6th century, at a time when the Glenullin area of Ireland was a patchwork of small kingdoms of tribal warlords were the mysterious druids still lived and practiced their magic and when the catholic saints started settling on the emerald island. 

Feared by his own people, he was said to possess dark powers and a fascination with the occult. Through his practice of dark magic, he killed his subjects for fun. His tyrannical ways became so unbearable that local warriors, desperate for relief, conspired to kill him.

In one version of the tale, a neighboring chieftain named Cathán rose up against Abhartach and struck him down, burying him in a standing grave, marked by a solitary stone. Burying in a standing position was a custom at the time for high-ranking chieftains. But peace would not come so easily.

In other versions his first death was through no fault but his own and he died when he was stalking his wife. He was a jealous man and trusted no one. He thought she was having an affair and crept on the ledge outside of the castle to the window outside her bedroom. He slipped and fell to his death and they quickly buried him for the first time. But it would not be his last. 

The Undying Menace

The day after his burial, Abhartach returned — clawing his way out of the earth, demanding blood from his terrified subjects to collect in a bowl for him to consume. In some versions of the legend, his subjects were so afraid of him and submitted to him, making blood sacrifices to him, waiting for someone to save them.

Again, Cathán slew him, and again, Abhartach returned. It was then the people sought counsel from a druid or wise elder who revealed the grim truth: Abhartach was no ordinary man, but one of the neamh-mairbh, the undead. In more modern retellings of the story it was a Christian Saint giving the solution to the undead. 

Druid Forest: There are several hermitages in the area. According to tradition, these were the dwellings of particularly holy men. The most notable is in Gortnamoyagh Forest on the very edge of Glenullin, where local people will still point out the saint’s track, a series of stations near a holy well.

To stop his monstrous resurrection, he could not be buried in consecrated ground. Instead, he must be killed with a sword made of yew wood, buried upside down, and his grave encircled with thorns and heavy stones to prevent his escape.

Cathán followed the instructions, and Abhartach was finally trapped — but local legend holds that his restless spirit still lingers beneath the earth.

The Cursed Grave of Slaghtaverty

According to a lecturer in Celtic history at the University of UIster, Bob Curran, the real castle he lived in an be found between the towns of Garvagh and Dungiven, where a small hill now stands. He says that it was here that the fortress of a 5th or 6th-century chieftain with magical powers called the Abhartach once resided. 

The Slaghtaverty Dolmen: By locals called the Gian’ts grave, associated with the legend of Abhartach, under a solitary hawthorn tree in rural Derry, Northern Ireland. Strange things are said to happen around this grave.

Today, the place believed to be Abhartach’s grave is a modest site known as Slaghtaverty Dolmen or The Giant’s Grave. Nestled in a field near the village of Slaughtaverty in Londonderry in Northern Ireland, it’s marked by an ancient stone surrounded by a ring of Hawthorn trees and undergrowth. It used to be more stones as remnants of an old monument, but these have been removed over time by local farmers for building purposes.

Locals claim the spot is cursed; farmers avoid working the land around it, and strange misfortunes are said to befall those who disturb the grave. Some say on misty nights, you can hear faint whispers, or catch the flicker of a shadow moving between the trees — as though Abhartach himself still walks, searching for blood.

In 1997, attempts were made to clear the land, but, if local tradition is to be believed, workmen who tried to fell the tree found that their brand-new chainsaw stopped for no reason on three occasions. When attempting to lift the great stone, a steel chain suddenly snapped, cutting the hand of one of the labourers and, significantly, allowing blood to soak into the ground.

The Dracula Connection

We first have the legend written down in Patrick Weston Joyce’s The Origin and History of Irish Names and Places from 1870. In modern versions of the lore, the story is said to be solved by an earlier Christian, and not a druid. 

Intriguingly, scholars have speculated that Abhartach’s legend may have inspired Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Stoker, an Irishman born in Dublin, would have likely been familiar with the story of the blood-drinking undead chieftain. While Dracula is commonly associated with Vlad the Impaler and Eastern European folklore, it’s possible that the sinister figure of Abhartach left its own mark on Gothic horror’s most famous vampire.

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Abhartach – Wikipedia 

The Abhartach / Irish Vampire: Terrifying Tale For 2025

Does Abhartach, the vampiric chieftain, still stalk the Derry hills?

Abhartach the Dwarf King | Emerald Isle Irish and Celtic myths, fairy tales and legends

Abhartach – Ireland’s Vampire King – by Siobhán Rodgers